{"id":4174,"date":"2020-10-30T19:54:59","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T18:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/"},"modified":"2021-07-15T13:06:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T12:06:06","slug":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/","title":{"rendered":"Opret ramdisk til at accelerere Amavis p\u00e5 Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

I den daglige brug af en webserver er der nogle tjenester, som med stigende antal anmodninger tager l\u00e6ngere og l\u00e6ngere tid at behandle en anmodning og dermed belaster serveren.
\nEt typisk eksempel er gr\u00e6nsefladen mellem mailserver og virusscanner: Amavis, som midlertidigt gemmer e-mails og l\u00e6ser dem igen. Dette skaber naturligvis et stort behov for adgang til harddiske eller SSD'er i st\u00f8rre systemer.
\nI dette tilf\u00e6lde er det tilr\u00e5deligt at outsource disse filoperationer til hovedhukommelsen for at sikre en v\u00e6sentlig hurtigere behandling.<\/p>\n

Andre eksempler kunne v\u00e6re selve mappen \/tmp, hvor der i givet fald. php<\/a> Sessionsfiler kan gemmes, eller ogs\u00e5 logfiler.<\/p>\n

N\u00e5r du gemmer i RAM, er der naturligvis altid risiko for tab som f\u00f8lge af en fejl i systemet eller en genstart af serveren. Du b\u00f8r derfor altid kun gemme uv\u00e6sentlige Data<\/a> lagre der, eller sikre en regelm\u00e6ssig sikkerhedskopiering.<\/p>\n

En RAMDISK til Amavis kan nemt oprettes med nogle f\u00e5 kommandoer.<\/p>\n

For at oprette en ramdisk skal vi bruge den mappe, hvor Amavis gemmer filerne, samt bruger- og gruppe-ID.<\/p>\n

Den nemmeste m\u00e5de at g\u00f8re begge dele p\u00e5 er med<\/p>\n

grep 'amavis' \/etc\/passwd<\/span> <\/p>\n

l\u00e6ses op.<\/p>\n

amavis:x:497:497:Amavis email scan user:\/var\/amavis:\/bin\/sh<\/p>\n

Stien i dette eksempel er \/var\/amavis. De midlertidige filer gemmes derefter i mappen \/var\/amavis\/tmp. For denne mappe vil vi oprette en ramdisk.<\/p>\n

UserID er det f\u00f8rste tal 497 efterfulgt af GroupID, som i dette tilf\u00e6lde ogs\u00e5 er 497.<\/p>\n

I \/etc\/fstab skriver vi nu f\u00f8lgende linje, s\u00e5 ramdisken ogs\u00e5 oprettes efter en genstart:<\/p>\n

tmpfs \/var\/amavis\/tmp tmpfs defaults,size=256m,mode=750,uid=497,gid=497 0 0<\/p>\n

St\u00f8rrelsen af ramdisketten b\u00f8r ikke v\u00e6re for lille, da amavis vil afvise e-mails, hvis gr\u00e6nsen overskrides. 256 MB er tilstr\u00e6kkeligt i de fleste tilf\u00e6lde.<\/p>\n

Den aktuelle eftersp\u00f8rgsel kan f.eks. beregnes med<\/p>\n

du -hs \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

for at finde ud af det. Resultatet, f.eks. 11M \/var\/amavis\/tmp, angiver s\u00e5, hvor mange megabyte der allerede er i mappen. Det skal dog ogs\u00e5 bem\u00e6rkes, at p\u00e5 dage med en stor postm\u00e6ngde p\u00e5 grund af Spam<\/a> eller store vedh\u00e6ftede filer, er der naturligvis behov for mere plads.<\/p>\n

Men i n\u00f8dstilf\u00e6lde kan du altid fjerne eller forst\u00f8rre ramdisken igen.<\/p>\n

Nu kan vi simpelthen montere ramdisken med<\/p>\n

mount \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

Via<\/p>\n

df -h<\/span><\/p>\n

tmpfs 512M 0 512M 0% \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/p>\n

kan vi se, at vores ramdisk er aktiveret og tom.<\/p>\n

Fra nu af er behandlingen af amavis lynhurtig.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Im t\u00e4glichen Gebrauch eines Webservers fallen einige Dienste auf die mit steigenden Anfragen immer l\u00e4nger brauchen um eine Anfrage zu bearbeiten und somit den Server belasten. Ein typisches Beispiel ist die Schnittstelle zwischen Mailserver und Virusscanner: Amavis, der die eMails tempor\u00e4r speichert und wieder liest. Dies erzeugt nat\u00fcrlich bei gr\u00f6\u00dferen Anlagen einen hohen Bedarf an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[780,700,995],"tags":[172,173,117,174],"class_list":["post-4174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administration-anleitungen","category-anleitungen","category-hilfe","tag-amavis","tag-beschleunigen","tag-linux","tag-ramdisk"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ramdisk","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4983","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_aut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