{"id":4276,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","slug":"spamfilter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/spamfilter\/","title":{"rendered":"Spamfilter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Det engelske substantiv \"spam\" i spamfilteret kan gengives med det tyske ord Abfall. Oprindeligt betyder det k\u00f8d p\u00e5 d\u00e5se. I it-sektoren henviser det til u\u00f8nskede elektroniske meddelelser, dvs. at de leveres uden at v\u00e6re i overensstemmelse med modtagerens \u00f8nsker. De indeholder for det meste reklamer. If\u00f8lge en unders\u00f8gelse fra den Hamburg-baserede statistikportal Statista var antallet af spam-mails p\u00e5 verdensplan 28 milliarder i 2014. Det er et globalt problem, som l\u00f8ses ved hj\u00e6lp af et spamfilter, dvs. at u\u00f8nskede meddelelser sorteres fra af et computerprogram. Afsenderen af en s\u00e5dan u\u00f8nsket mail kaldes en spammer, og processen kaldes spamming eller spamming.<\/p>\n

Anvendelsesomr\u00e5der for et spamfilter<\/h2>\n

Traditionelt var brugen af et spamfilter begr\u00e6nset til at sortere u\u00f8nskede e-mails fra. Til dette form\u00e5l blev der ved hj\u00e6lp af algoritmer konstrueret moduler for e-mail-programmer og mailservere. Men da reklame p\u00e5 internettet har f\u00e5et st\u00f8rre og st\u00f8rre betydning, filtrerer nyere programmer ogs\u00e5 siderne. Spamfiltre anvendes ogs\u00e5 specifikt til webbrowsere, wikier og blogs.<\/p>\n

Arbejdsmetoder for et spamfilter<\/h3>\n

Spamfiltre opfanger oplysninger, der er direkte relateret til en mail. P\u00e5 den ene side kan det v\u00e6re selve indholdet af mailen, men det kan ogs\u00e5 i begr\u00e6nset omfang kontrolleres, hvem der er afsender af en meddelelse. Tre metoder er blevet etableret:
\na) Den Sortliste-metode<\/a>. En sortliste er en \"sort liste\", som er et synonym for en u\u00f8nsket kontakt. Indholdsm\u00e6ssigt indeholder en s\u00e5dan liste visse udtryk og n\u00f8gleord. En algoritme s\u00f8ger i en e-mail efter disse n\u00f8gleord, og hvis den finder nogen, sorteres e-mailen fra. Den samme procedure kan ogs\u00e5 udvides til at omfatte afsenderen. Mange spamfiltre, der arbejder efter blacklist-metoden, indeholder allerede en omfattende database. Brugerne kan udvide denne delvist i overensstemmelse med deres personlige behov.<\/p>\n

\"Spam-konvolut\"<\/a><\/p>\n

b) Bayes-filtermetoden. Bayes-filtermetoden er baseret p\u00e5 sandsynlighedsteori og kr\u00e6ver brugerens samarbejde, is\u00e6r i begyndelsen. Hvis den er korrekt opsat, er den bedre end blacklist-metoden. Ved denne metode skal brugeren identificere modtagne mails som Spam<\/a> klassificere spam eller ikke-spam. Det bayesianske filter l\u00e6rer reglerne i baggrunden uden nogen indgriben i algoritmerne. Efter ca. 1.000 selvsorterede mails fungerer filteret selvst\u00e6ndigt. Det bayesianske filter forts\u00e6tter ogs\u00e5 med at l\u00e6re i l\u00f8bet af den efterf\u00f8lgende omsortering.
\nc) Den Database<\/a> baserede l\u00f8sninger. Is\u00e6r reklame-e-mails indeholder en r\u00e6kke data, der skal f\u00f8re til en konkret kontakt. Dette omfatter f\u00f8rst og fremmest URL-adressen til en Websted<\/a> og telefonnummeret. Databasebaserede l\u00f8sninger bruger algoritmer til at s\u00f8ge efter disse oplysninger. Hvis de findes, sorteres mails fra. Succesraten for disse metoder kan betegnes som meget god. Det er rigtigt, at du kan redesigne reklamemails igen og igen og dermed i et ubegr\u00e6nset antal, men visse data forbliver altid de samme.<\/p>\n

Fejlfrekvens i spamfilteret<\/h3>\n

Spam-mails er blevet mere og mere sofistikerede i de seneste \u00e5r. Som f\u00f8lge heraf skal spamfilterapplikationen fortsat udvikles. Dette indeb\u00e6rer en indsats og omkostninger, og det er derfor, at nogle udbydere tager penge for en eventuel tjeneste. Desuden er sortering ved hj\u00e6lp af programmer forbundet med en fejlprocent, som dog kan reduceres ved hj\u00e6lp af tr\u00e6ning. Falsk negativ registrering er, n\u00e5r spam-mails kommer ind i den almindelige indbakke; falsk positiv registrering er derimod, n\u00e5r normale mails forveksles med spam. Mens optimeringsforanstaltningerne reducerer fejlprocenten for falsk negativ genkendelse til ti til en procent, g\u00e5r falsk positiv klassificering mod nul.<\/p>\n

Et velkendt spamfilter er f.eks. SpamAssassin<\/a>som anvendes af de fleste e-mail-udbydere.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das englische Substantiv „spam“ im Spamfilter l\u00e4sst sich mit dem deutschen Wort Abfall widergeben. Urspr\u00fcnglich ist damit Dosenfleisch gemeint. Es handelt sich dabei im IT-Bereich um unerw\u00fcnschte elektronische Nachrichten; d.h. sie werden zugestellt, ohne dass es dem Wunsch des Empf\u00e4ngers entspricht. Meist beinhalten sie Werbung. Nach Recherchen des Hamburger Statistik-Portals Statista betrug die Anzahl der 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