{"id":4313,"date":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4313"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","slug":"mariadb-the-interessant-database-alternativ-til-mysql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/mariadb-die-interessante-datenbank-alternative-zu-mysql\/","title":{"rendered":"MariaDB - det interessante databasealternativ til MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Som et gratis, relationelt DBMS har open source-databaseadministrationssystemet MariaDB p\u00e5 mange omr\u00e5der erstattet det tidligere meget anvendte MySQL<\/a> erstattet. MariaDB blev skabt ved en forgrening af MySQL-projektet. Det var n\u00f8dvendigt med et nyt navn, fordi Oracle har varem\u00e6rkerettighederne til MySQL. Projektet blev igangsat af Ulf Michael Widenius, tidligere hovedudvikler hos MySQL og udvikler af storage-motoren Aria, som er den centrale komponent i MariaDB. I mellemtiden foreg\u00e5r udviklingen under MariaDB Corporation's sponsorat, og MariaDB Foundation sikrer, at open source-statusen opretholdes.<\/p>\n

MySQL og MariaDB - Navngivning og kompatibilitet<\/h3>\n

Udviklingen af begge databasesystemer blev indledt og afg\u00f8rende pr\u00e6get af Ulf Michael Widenius. Navnet blev valgt, ogs\u00e5 for begge databaser, med henvisning til fornavnene p\u00e5 Widenius' to d\u00f8tre. Den \u00e6ldste datter My gav navnet til MySQL, som har eksisteret siden 1994. Siden 2009 har Widenius dedikeret sig selv til gaffelprogrammet MariaDB, hvis navn henviser til den yngre datter Maria. I dag tilh\u00f8rer MySQL Oracle. Indtil MySQL Vers. 5.5 var begge databasesystemer stort set kompatible. I mellemtiden har Oracle udgivet MySQL Vers. 5.6 og den nuv\u00e6rende MariaDB er tilg\u00e6ngelig i Vers. 10. Det er her, at de f\u00f8rste relevante forskelle bliver tydelige.<\/p>\n

Fordele ved MariaDB i forhold til MySQL<\/h3>\n

MariaDB underst\u00f8tter nu betydeligt flere motorer end MySQL. Motorerne indeholder de grundl\u00e6ggende funktioner i Database<\/a>Motorerne er designet til klart definerede applikationer, f.eks. oprettelse, l\u00e6sning, \u00e6ndring eller sletning af dataposter. M\u00e5let er at levere en motor, der er optimalt egnet til hvert anvendelsesomr\u00e5de. Ud over projektets egen motor Aria underst\u00f8tter MariaDB ogs\u00e5 SphinxSE, FederatedX, Spider, TokuDB, ScaleDB, ColumnStore og mange flere. De respektive motorer underst\u00f8tter s\u00e6rlige funktioner som f.eks. transaktioner, sharding-funktioner eller massive parallelle arkitekturer, men ogs\u00e5 allround-opgaver som f.eks. med Connect Engine. InnoDB blev erstattet af den langt mere effektive xtraDB.<\/p>\n

I mods\u00e6tning til MySQL bliver MariaDB l\u00f8bende udviklet, Opdateringer<\/a> Projektet er fuldst\u00e6ndig open source og dokumenteret med bl.a. en detaljeret fejlsporingssystem. Databasesystemet er ogs\u00e5 optimeret med hensyn til ydeevne, tilbyder en klyngedatabase til kommerciel brug, og en migration fra andre DB-systemer kan i mange tilf\u00e6lde gennemf\u00f8res p\u00e5 elegant vis. Efter en migration fra MySQL til MariaDB er det imidlertid ikke l\u00e6ngere muligt at vende tilbage til MySQL fra den aktuelle version.<\/p>\n

Sikkerhed<\/h3>\n

Med version 10.1 giver MariaDB mulighed for at kryptere data p\u00e5 lagerniveau. Dette g\u00e6lder for hele tabelomr\u00e5der, individuelle tabeller og ogs\u00e5 for forskellige logfiler. Dataene er ikke kun krypteret i motorfilerne, men ogs\u00e5 i de bin\u00e6re logfiler, som er vigtige for replikering. Desuden er det muligt at anvende s\u00e5kaldte rullende krypteringsn\u00f8gler, hvor alle n\u00f8gler kun har en begr\u00e6nset gyldighedsperiode og cyklisk udskiftes med nye.<\/p>\n

\"<\/a>Tilg\u00e6ngelighed og h\u00f8j tilg\u00e6ngelighed<\/h3>\n

MariaDB g\u00f8r det muligt at administrere adgangsrettigheder i henhold til konceptet \"Role-based Access Control\". Adgangsrettigheder tildeles ikke kun p\u00e5 grundlag af individuelle brugere eller brugergrupper, som det traditionelt er tilf\u00e6ldet, men ogs\u00e5 p\u00e5 grundlag af definerede roller, som medarbejderne i virksomheden udf\u00f8rer. MariaDB sikrer h\u00f8j tilg\u00e6ngelighed og skalerbarhed ved hj\u00e6lp af clustering-l\u00f8sningen Galeria fra den finske udbyder Codership. Op til version 10.0 af MariaDB-serveren er der to versioner, hvoraf den ene underst\u00f8tter MariaDB Galera-klynger, mens den anden ikke g\u00f8r det. Siden MariaDB Server Vers. 10.1 er der integreret Galera cluster-underst\u00f8ttelse.<\/p>\n

Parallel behandling og forbedret tilg\u00e6ngelighed<\/h3>\n

Med den nuv\u00e6rende ColumnStore kombinerer MariaDB relationel databaseteknologi med Big Data. ColumnStore-lagringsmotoren arbejder kolonneorienteret og underst\u00f8tter i h\u00f8j grad parallel foresp\u00f8rgselsfordeling af data og parallel indl\u00e6sning. Med MaxScale tilbyder MariaDB en gateway fra applikation til database. Den forbinder klientapplikationer med databaser og har til form\u00e5l at forbedre databasens tilg\u00e6ngelighed, sikkerhed og skalerbarhed, mens applikationen forbliver u\u00e6ndret. MaxScale modtog prisen \"Application of the Year 2016\" fra MySQL Community i 2016.<\/p>\n

Organisatorisk struktur og st\u00f8tte<\/h3>\n

De tidligere MySQL-initiativtagere Michael Widenius, Allan Larsson og David Axmark grundlagde den uafh\u00e6ngige MariaDB Foundation i december 2012. Som fond er det for at beskytte MariaDB-udvikleres og -brugeres interesser og sikre, at den gratis database forbliver gratis. Andre m\u00e5l er at forbedre databaseteknologien, herunder udvikling af standarder og sikring af interoperabilitet med andre databasesystemer. MariaDB Corporation er hovedudvikleren af det gratis databasesystem. Den blev oprindeligt grundlagt under navnet SkySQL og omd\u00f8bt til MariaDB Corporation i oktober 2014. MariaDB Corporation tilbyder support, r\u00e5dgivning og fjernadministration af sine databasesystemer, som det ogs\u00e5 er s\u00e6dvanligt for databasesystemer fra andre producenter.<\/p>\n

Accept og formidling<\/h3>\n

MariaDB er blevet et selvst\u00e6ndigt databaseadministrationssystem gennem l\u00f8bende videreudvikling og har f\u00e5et et klart forspring i forhold til MySQL. Blandt de kendte brugere er Google, Mozilla, OpenBSD, openSUSE, Fedora og mange andre.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das Open-Source Datenbank-Management-System MariaDB hat als freies, relationales DBMS in vielen Bereichen das bislang weit verbreitete MySQL abgel\u00f6st. Entstanden ist MariaDB durch eine Abspaltung (Fork) aus dem MySQL Projekt. Ein neuer Name war erforderlich, da Oracle an MySQL die Markenrechte h\u00e4lt. Initiiert wurde das Projekt von Ulf Michael Widenius, fr\u00fcherer Hauptentwickler bei MySQL und Entwickler 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