{"id":4315,"date":"2020-10-30T20:42:42","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/ruby\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:42:42","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:42:42","slug":"ruby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/ruby\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruby"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ruby er et objektorienteret programmeringssprog, som blev udviklet i 1995 og siden 2000 ogs\u00e5 har v\u00e6ret dokumenteret p\u00e5 engelsk. I henhold til den s\u00e5kaldte Duck Typing-programmering er et objekts metoder i forgrunden. Sammenlignet med andre programmeringssprog spiller objektets klasse en underordnet rolle i Ruby.<\/p>\n

Rubys f\u00f8rste skridt i datalogiens verden<\/h3>\n

Programmeringssproget Ruby kom frem i 1995 og blev udviklet af Yukihiro Matsumoto, der er uddannet datalog, fra 1993 og fremefter. Ruby er uafh\u00e6ngig af operativsystemer (platformuafh\u00e6ngig), men eksisterede oprindeligt udelukkende p\u00e5 japansk.<\/p>\n

I Japan var programmeringssproget meget popul\u00e6rt og vandt over mange konkurrenter. Med tiden opstod implementeringer som JRuby, Rubinius og CRuby (YARV), hvoraf CRuby er den mest udbredte i det hele taget - men brugen af den spredte sig ikke i f\u00f8rste omgang i Europa p\u00e5 grund af sprogbarrieren. Det var f\u00f8rst fem \u00e5r efter udgivelsen af Ruby, at der blev fundet interesserede brugere uden for Japan, da der blev tilf\u00f8jet dokumentation af programmeringssproget p\u00e5 engelsk. P\u00e5 baggrund heraf blev der udarbejdet flere manualer og opslagsv\u00e6rker om Ruby.<\/p>\n

Selv om Ruby blev udviklet med henblik p\u00e5 at v\u00e6re intuitiv, var det n\u00f8dvendigt med denne yderligere litteratur. Hvis du \u00f8nsker at besk\u00e6ftige dig mere indg\u00e5ende med Ruby, er de tilsvarende publikationer meget nyttige. Desuden kan du nu finde mange vejledninger p\u00e5 internettet, der trin for trin forklarer, hvordan du bruger programmeringssproget.<\/p>\n

Yukihiro Matsumoto erkl\u00e6rede, at hans motivation for at udvikle sit eget programmeringssprog var, at han ikke havde v\u00e6ret tilfreds med de muligheder, der hidtil havde v\u00e6ret til r\u00e5dighed for ham. I den to\u00e5rige udviklingsfase af Ruby blev han derfor prim\u00e6rt styret af sine egne id\u00e9er og interesser inden for datalogi. Ruby er i videst muligt omfang objektorienteret, men programmeringssproget indeholder ogs\u00e5 andre muligheder.<\/p>\n

Navnet \"Ruby\" er en henvisning til et andet programmeringssprog, som ogs\u00e5 er opkaldt efter en \u00e6delsten: Perl. Men ogs\u00e5 JavaScript<\/a>, Python og andre velkendte programmeringssprog har p\u00e5virket Yukihiro Matsumoto i hans arbejde.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk<\/a>Betingelser<\/h3>\n

Ruby-pakkesystemet hedder RubyGems og administrerer de forskellige programmer.<\/p>\n

For at kunne arbejde med Ruby har du brug for et passende arbejdsmilj\u00f8. Milj\u00f8et leveres af kommandolinjefortolkeren (CLI), som er tilpasset et bestemt programmeringssprog. Sammen med fortolkeren til Ruby f\u00e5r du Interactive Ruby, eller kort sagt irb. Form\u00e5let med irb er at give dig en m\u00e5de at teste det program, du har skrevet. Du bruger den ved hj\u00e6lp af kommandoen \"irb(main)\".<\/p>\n

RDoc er et v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j, der bruges til softwaredokumentation. En af dens vigtigste opgaver er at beskrive programmets kildekode. I forbindelse med RDoc b\u00f8r Ruby Index (ri) ogs\u00e5 n\u00e6vnes: Dette v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j hj\u00e6lper dig med at Database<\/a> som RDoc opretter.<\/p>\n

B\u00e5de RubyGems (\"gem\") og Ruby Index (\"ri\") kan tilg\u00e5s med passende kommandoer fra kommandolinjen.<\/p>\n

Syntaks i Ruby: Nogle eksempler<\/h3>\n

I Ruby er det muligt at bruge blokke. Disse kan f.eks. erstatte for-sl\u00f8jfer. Du kan ogs\u00e5 kalde en s\u00e5dan blok flere gange. Programmet gentager derefter afsnittet eller blokken s\u00e5 ofte, som du har angivet - f.eks. fem gange for elementet \"5.times\". Den operation, der skal udf\u00f8res af programmet, angives mellem to parenteser.<\/p>\n

Som i andre programmeringssprog kr\u00e6ver Ruby en deklaration af procedurer. Dette sker normalt i begyndelsen af programmet. For at starte erkl\u00e6ringen skal du bruge den velkendte \"def\"-kommando; for at afslutte den skal du angive et \"end\".<\/p>\n

Ruby f\u00f8lger princippet om Duck Typing, som er baseret p\u00e5 et ordsprog af James Whitcomb Riley: \"Hvis jeg ser en fugl, der g\u00e5r som en and, sv\u00f8mmer som en and og kv\u00e6kker som en and, kalder jeg den fugl for en and.\" Duck typing er beregnet til at g\u00f8re programmering mere fleksibel. P\u00e5 tysk er dette begreb ogs\u00e5 kendt som Ententest. Proceduren er ikke begr\u00e6nset til Ruby, men kan ogs\u00e5 findes i f.eks. PHP<\/a> og Python-applikation.<\/p>\n

Du kan markere slutningen af en kommando i Ruby med et semikolon - eller du kan blot skrive en ny linje (uden semikolon).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ruby repr\u00e4sentiert eine objektorientierte Programmiersprache, die 1995 erschien und sei 2000 auch eine englische Dokumentation entspricht. Entsprechend des sogenannten Duck Typings der Programmierung stehen die Methoden eines Objekts im Vordergrund. Im Vergleich zu anderen Programmiersprachen spielt die Klasse des Objekts bei Ruby hingegen eher eine untergeordnete Rolle. Rubys erste Schritte in der Welt der Informatik […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":935,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[732],"tags":[340],"class_list":["post-4315","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lexikon","tag-ruby"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4454","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"rubiin","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"rubins","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_da_dk":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_pl_pl":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_es_es":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_hu_hu":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fi":"rubiini","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ja":"%e3%83%ab%e3%83%93%e3%83%bc","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lt_lt":null,"_elementor_edit_mode":null,"_elementor_template_type":null,"_elementor_version":null,"_elementor_pro_version":null,"_wp_page_template":"default","_elementor_page_settings":null,"_elementor_data":null,"_elementor_css":null,"_elementor_conditions":null,"_happyaddons_elements_cache":null,"_oembed_75446120c39305f0da0ccd147f6de9cb":null,"_oembed_time_75446120c39305f0da0ccd147f6de9cb":null,"_oembed_3efb2c3e76a18143e7207993a2a6939a":null,"_oembed_time_3efb2c3e76a18143e7207993a2a6939a":null,"_oembed_59808117857ddf57e478a31d79f76e4d":null,"_oembed_time_59808117857ddf57e478a31d79f76e4d":null,"_oembed_965c5b49aa8d22ce37dfb3bde0268600":null,"_oembed_time_965c5b49aa8d22ce37dfb3bde0268600":null,"_oembed_81002f7ee3604f645db4ebcfd1912acf":null,"_oembed_time_81002f7ee3604f645db4ebcfd1912acf":null,"_elementor_screenshot":null,"_oembed_7ea3429961cf98fa85da9747683af827":null,"_oembed_time_7ea3429961cf98fa85da9747683af827":null,"_elementor_controls_usage":null,"_elementor_page_assets":[],"_elementor_screenshot_failed":null,"theplus_transient_widgets":["tp-video-player"],"_eael_custom_js":null,"_wp_old_date":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_it_it":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_pt_pt":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_zh_cn":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_nl_nl":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_pt_br":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_sv_se":null,"rank_math_analytic_object_id":"979","rank_math_internal_links_processed":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ro_ro":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_sk_sk":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_bg_bg":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_sl_si":null,"litespeed_vpi_list":["webhostinglogo.png"],"litespeed_vpi_list_mobile":["webhostinglogo.png"],"rank_math_seo_score":null,"rank_math_contentai_score":null,"ilj_limitincominglinks":null,"ilj_maxincominglinks":null,"ilj_limitoutgoinglinks":null,"ilj_maxoutgoinglinks":null,"ilj_limitlinksperparagraph":null,"ilj_linksperparagraph":null,"ilj_blacklistdefinition":null,"ilj_linkdefinition":["ruby"],"_eb_reusable_block_ids":null,"rank_math_focus_keyword":null,"rank_math_og_content_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_metadesc":"","_yoast_wpseo_content_score":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskeywords":null,"_yoast_wpseo_keywordsynonyms":null,"_yoast_wpseo_estimated-reading-time-minutes":null,"rank_math_description":null,"surfer_last_post_update":null,"surfer_last_post_update_direction":null,"surfer_keywords":null,"surfer_location":null,"surfer_draft_id":null,"surfer_permalink_hash":null,"surfer_scrape_ready":null,"_thumbnail_id":"935","footnotes":null,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4315","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4315"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4315\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/935"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4315"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4315"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4315"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}