{"id":4342,"date":"2020-10-30T23:53:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T22:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4342"},"modified":"2020-10-30T23:53:26","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T22:53:26","slug":"the-spamhouse-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/das-spamhaus-projekt\/","title":{"rendered":"Spamhaus-projektet"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Spamhaus er navnet p\u00e5 et projekt under en international organisation af samme navn. Virksomheden har kontorer i London og Gen\u00e8ve og blev grundlagt i 1998 af den britiske iv\u00e6rks\u00e6tter og spam-modstander Steve Linford. Form\u00e5let med projektets aktiviteter er at genkende, spore (trace) og tilbyde modforanstaltninger mod b\u00e5de spammere og spamrelaterede aktiviteter. Det pseudotyske udtryk Spamhaus blev opfundet af Linford som en generel henvisning til internetudbydere eller andre virksomheder, der selv er <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/srs-mit-postfix-unter-centos\/\">Spam<\/a> at sprede eller bevidst st\u00f8tte spredningen af spam.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00c5rsagerne til, at Spamhaus-projektet blev oprettet<\/h2>\n<p>Steve Linford var oprindeligt involveret i musikscenen som komponist, aktiv professionel musiker og koncertproducent. Efterh\u00e5nden som computere blev mere og mere brugt til musikproduktion, fik han en voksende interesse for computerteknologi. Han grundlagde et softwarefirma, der f\u00f8rst udviklede konventionel software og derefter fokuserede p\u00e5 internetteknologi. Dette resulterede i virksomheden Ultradesign Internet med det serverbaserede netv\u00e6rk UXN. Da Linford opdagede, at hans kunder konstant blev chikaneret med u\u00f8nsket e-mail, begyndte han at lede efter m\u00e5der at bek\u00e6mpe det p\u00e5. Det var starten p\u00e5 Spamhaus.<\/p>\n<h2>Aktuel status og nuv\u00e6rende projektsponsorat<\/h2>\n<p>Med st\u00f8tte fra de st\u00f8rste og vigtigste internetnetv\u00e6rk har Spamhaus udviklet en database med sorte lister, som opdateres i realtid. Anvendt er den <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/datenbank-server\/\">Database<\/a> i dag af bl.a. internetudbydere, regeringer og milit\u00e6re netv\u00e6rksoperat\u00f8rer. Antallet af junk- og malware-e-mails, der er blokeret med st\u00f8tte fra Spamhaus, er nu i milliarder. Disse succeser skabte naturligvis en reaktion fra cyberkriminelle, hvis akt\u00f8rer oplevede, at deres ulovlige aktiviteter blev alvorligt forstyrret. Steve Linford blev et m\u00e5l for kriminelle bander over hele verden og modtog endda d\u00f8dstrusler, som ofte blev sendt til ham via e-mail. Men projektet fortsatte ufortr\u00f8dent, og i dag bruger tre fjerdedele af verdens internetnetv\u00e6rksoperat\u00f8rer Spamhaus' teknologier, if\u00f8lge sk\u00f8n. I 2005 flyttede Linford fra England til Middelhavet og bor i dag i n\u00e6rheden af Monaco. Han er nu administrerende direkt\u00f8r for Spamhaus, en international organisation, der er dannet af en gruppe af flere virksomheder. Dens hovedkvarter ligger i Gen\u00e8ve i Schweiz. Virksomhedskoncernens aktivitetsomr\u00e5de er internetsikkerhed og kommunikationsfiltrering. Projektet er popul\u00e6rt og vellidt. I 2003 blev Steve Linford udn\u00e6vnt til en af de \"Top 50 Agenda Setters\" af Silicon Magazine, og i 2004 modtog han \"Internet Hero Award\" fra den britiske ISP Association ISPA. New York Times bragte en artikel om Steve Linford p\u00e5 forsiden af sin erhvervssektion i 2005. Siden da er hans ekspertise blevet efterspurgt i h\u00f8ringer om spam og internetsikkerhed i forskellige regeringer, Europa-Parlamentet og FN.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Fotolia_132139901_XS.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2041 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/Fotolia_132139901_XS.jpg\" alt=\"imap e-mail\" width=\"424\" height=\"283\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<h2>Oplysninger om brugen af spam-forsvaret<\/h2>\n<p>Spamhaus' sortlistedatabase indeholder forskellige <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/spamassassin-the-free-anti-spam-protection\/\">Anti-spam<\/a>Mange internetudbydere og e-mail-serveroperat\u00f8rer har adgang til listerne for at beskytte deres brugere mod spam. I 2006 blev 650 millioner e-mail-brugere beskyttet mod milliarder af spam-mails om dagen p\u00e5 denne m\u00e5de. Blandt disse var Europa-Parlamentet, Det Hvide Hus i Washington, den amerikanske h\u00e6r og Microsoft. Spamhaus tilbyder DNS-baserede bloklister, der er opdelt i bloklister (DNSBL) og whitelists (DNSWL). Operat\u00f8rer af mailservere med lavt antal postadresser f\u00e5r fri adgang til listerne. Et stort antal foresp\u00f8rgsler foretages dog af kommercielle spamfiltreringstjenester og lignende servicevirksomheder. Disse brugere skal registrere sig for at f\u00e5 adgang til et feed af DNSBL'er baseret p\u00e5 rsync-protokollen, kaldet en datafeed-tjeneste. Spamhaus offentligg\u00f8r, hvordan deres teknologi fungerer i dokumentet \"Understanding DNSBL Filtering\".<\/p>\n<h2>Spektret af lister i et overblik<\/h2>\n<p>- Spamhaus Block List (SBL) har til form\u00e5l at indsamle IP-adresser for kendte spamkilder af enhver art. SBL er delvist baseret p\u00e5 ROKSO-indekset over kendte spammere.<\/p>\n<p>- Exploits Block List (XBL) indeholder oplysninger om ulovlige tredjeparts exploits, \u00e5bne proxies, malware med integrerede spam-motorer og inficerede pc'er og servere.<\/p>\n<p>- PBL (Policy Block List) svarer til en opkaldsbrugerliste. Den indeholder dynamiske og statiske IP-adresser, hvorfra der ikke m\u00e5 sendes e-mails direkte til tredjepartsservere.<\/p>\n<p>- DBL (Domain Block List) er en kombination af URI Blocklist og RHSBL. Den fungerer som en st\u00e6rkt udvidet SBL med yderligere anvendelsesmuligheder.<\/p>\n<p>- Botnet Controller List (BCL) indeholder IP-adresser, som Spamhaus mener tilh\u00f8rer cyberkriminelle, der opretter botnetstrukturer <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/webhoster-nutzen-oder-selber-hosten\/\">v\u00e6rt<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>- Spamhaus White List (SWL) indeholder en liste over IPv4- og IPv6-adresser og er designet til at give mailservere mulighed for at opdele indg\u00e5ende e-mail-trafik i de tre kategorier \"God\", \"D\u00e5rlig\" og \"Ukendt\".<\/p>\n<p>- Domain White List (DWL) muligg\u00f8r automatisk certificering af de anf\u00f8rte dom\u00e6ner med DKIM-signaturer.<\/p>\n<p>- Spamhaus tilbyder ogs\u00e5 to kombinationslister. En af dem kombinerer SBL og XBL. Den anden kaldes ZEN og kombinerer alle IP-adressebaserede lister.<\/p>\n<h2>Nogle flankerende elementer<\/h2>\n<p>Spamhaus \"Register of Known Spam Operations\" (ROKSO) er en database, der indeholder personer, deres dom\u00e6ner samt adresser og aliasser. Der er angivet spammere og spamoperationer, som er blevet blokeret af tre eller flere internetudbydere p\u00e5 grund af spamming. DROP-listen (Don't Route Or Peer List) er en tekstfil, der viser CIDR-blokke, der er stj\u00e5let eller p\u00e5 anden m\u00e5de er fuldst\u00e6ndig kontrolleret af spammere eller spamprocesser.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Spamhaus ist der Name eines Projekts einer gleichnamigen internationalen Organisation. Sie hat ihre Standorte in London und Genf und wurde 1998 von dem britischen Unternehmer und Spam-Konterpart Steve Linford gegr\u00fcndet. Ziel der Projektaktivit\u00e4ten ist es, sowohl e-mail Spammer als auch Spam-bezogene Aktivit\u00e4ten zu erkennen, zu tracken (verfolgen) und Gegenma\u00dfnahmen anzubieten. Der pseudo-deutsche Ausdruck Spamhaus wurde 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