{"id":4419,"date":"2020-10-30T20:16:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/antivirensoftware-die-wichtigsten-eigenschaften-und-funktionen-im-ueberblick\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:16:52","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:16:52","slug":"antivirus-software-de-vaesentligste-funktioner-og-funktioner-i-et-overblik","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/antivirensoftware-die-wichtigsten-eigenschaften-und-funktionen-im-ueberblick\/","title":{"rendered":"Antivirus-software - de vigtigste egenskaber og funktioner i et overblik"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e6sten alle bruger den, n\u00e6sten alle kender dens navn. Men hvad er antivirus-software (forkortet AV)? Generelt set kan det klassificeres som et antivirusprogram. Det er en software, der fors\u00f8ger at opdage, blokere og i bedste fald slette kendte computervirus, trojanske heste eller computerorme. Lad os se p\u00e5 de vigtigste funktioner i denne software og dens anvendelse:<\/p>\n

Historien om antivirusprogrammer<\/h2>\n

De f\u00f8rste antivirusprogrammer var endnu ikke sammenlignelige med de komplekse l\u00f8sningssystemer, der findes i dag. Simpelthen fordi der ikke var nogen skadelige programmer i begyndelsen af 1980'erne. Computerens historie er naturligvis ul\u00f8seligt forbundet med historien om virus og dermed ogs\u00e5 med de senere anti-virusprogrammer. Dengang var computervirusser stadig begr\u00e6nset til selvproduktion og kunne ikke for\u00e5rsage stor skade. Udviklingen af truende vira i computerteknologien har at g\u00f8re med deres stigende kompleksitet. I slutningen af 80'erne voksede kendskabet til ondsindet programmering generelt. Dette gjorde det mere og mere uundg\u00e5eligt at unders\u00f8ge, hvordan man kan bek\u00e6mpe dem.<\/p>\n

Emnet blev f\u00f8rst kendt af en bredere offentlighed i 1987. Indtil da blev vira udelukkende betragtet som en fare for levende v\u00e6sener, men det \u00e6ndrede sig takket v\u00e6re Bernd Fix. If\u00f8lge flere kilder var han den f\u00f8rste person, der tog emnet op med offentlig omtale, og som genkendte og fjernede en computervirus. Som hacker og specialist i computerteknologi er han stadig en anerkendt specialist p\u00e5 dette omr\u00e5de i dag.<\/p>\n

De f\u00f8rste antivirusprogrammer<\/h2>\n

Sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let om bek\u00e6mpelse af virus blev stadig vigtigere. I 1988 tog Bitnet\/Earn-computernetv\u00e6rket kampen mod virus op ved at oprette en mailingliste, der dokumenterede fremkomsten af virus. I begyndelsen spredtes virus kun via disketter, men med internettets udbredelse kunne virus spredes hurtigere og mere ukontrolleret.<\/p>\n

Typer af antivirus-software<\/h2>\n

Grundl\u00e6ggende skal der skelnes mellem tre forskellige typer af antivirusprogrammer:<\/p>\n

Realtidsscanner
\nManuel scanner
\nOnline virusscanner<\/p>\n

En realtidsscanner kaldes ogs\u00e5 en adgangsscanner. Det er kendetegnet ved, at det k\u00f8rer som en systemtjeneste (eksempel: Windows) eller som en d\u00e6mon (Unix) i baggrunden og scanner programmer, filer eller Arbejdshukommelse<\/a> scanninger. P\u00e5 den m\u00e5de kontrolleres ans\u00f8gningerne under l\u00e6sningsprocessen og under skriveprocessen<\/p>\n

Den manuelle scanner adskiller sig ved, at den skal startes af brugeren selv. Typiske softwaresystemer er f.eks. Norton Antivirus<\/a>. Hvis programmet finder mist\u00e6nkelige filer p\u00e5 computeren, er der advarselsmeddelelser, der angiver truede omr\u00e5der p\u00e5 computeren. Som regel kan brugeren v\u00e6lge mellem tre forskellige funktioner i tilf\u00e6lde af et virusangreb: Reng\u00f8ring, karant\u00e6ne og sletning af skadelige filer.<\/p>\n

Online-virusscannere er derimod programmer, der indl\u00e6ser dit antivirusm\u00f8nster via et netv\u00e6rk. De fleste onlinescannere er baseret p\u00e5 den s\u00e5kaldte, nu for\u00e6ldede, softwarekomponentmodel ActiveX. Der findes ogs\u00e5 nogle applikationer, der er baseret p\u00e5 Java-teknologi.<\/p>\n

Hvordan virker antivirus-software?<\/h2>\n

De softwarescannere, der er vigtige for at k\u00f8re antivirusprogrammer, arbejder signaturbaseret og heuristisk for at opdage fejl og skadelige komponenter. I den signaturbaserede s\u00f8gning distribueres sm\u00e5 dele af koden til aktuelle virus og trojanske heste, som allerede er blevet kendt, m\u00e5lrettet. P\u00e5 denne m\u00e5de kan vira og trojanske heste opdages og ideelt set elimineres. Den heuristiske s\u00f8gning er mere kompleks. Den unders\u00f8ger de programmer, der allerede k\u00f8rer og er installeret p\u00e5 den ber\u00f8rte computer. Der registreres mist\u00e6nkelig adf\u00e6rd, f.eks. selvopkald af et program.<\/p>\n

Succesrate og kritik<\/h2>\n

Selv om antivirusprogrammer er meget nyttige og ofte beskytter brugeren mod stor skade, kan ikke alle skadelige programmer opdages. Eksperter som Symantecs vicepr\u00e6sident Bryan Dye mener, at disse programmer kun har omkring 45 procent sandsynlighed for at lykkes. De kan ikke fuldt ud erstatte en forsigtig brugeradf\u00e6rd. Gode foranstaltninger til beskyttelse af ens eget system er f.eks. regelm\u00e6ssig defragmentering af computeren.<\/p>\n

P\u00e5 trods af sin nyttev\u00e6rdi er antivirusprogrammer ogs\u00e5 genstand for kritik. Der kan f.eks. opst\u00e5 tidskritiske programfejl p\u00e5 grund af forsinkelsen i scanningen af Data<\/a>. Den permanente scanning af databaser, is\u00e6r hvis de er meget store, kan ogs\u00e5 f\u00f8re til problemer. Ofte er der fejlmeddelelser.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fast alle benutzen Sie, nahezu jeder kennt Ihren Namen. Doch was ist eigentlich eine Antivirensoftware (kurz AV)? : Allgemein ist sie als Antivirenprogramm zu klassifizieren. Sie ist eine Software, die versucht, bekannte Computerviren, Trojanische Pferde oder Computerw\u00fcrmer aufzusp\u00fcren, zu blockieren und im besten Fall zu l\u00f6schen. Blicken wir auf die zentralen Eigenschaften dieser Software und 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