{"id":4473,"date":"2020-10-30T20:50:32","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:50:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4473"},"modified":"2021-07-15T13:05:51","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T12:05:51","slug":"dkim-and-dmarc-create-entry-with-spam-protection-gateway","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/dkim-und-dmarc-eintrag-erstellen-mit-spamschutzgateway\/","title":{"rendered":"Opret DKIM- og DMARC-post med en gateway til beskyttelse mod spam"},"content":{"rendered":"

Endelig kan du leve uden spam. Dette er i princippet kun muligt med et professionelt beskyttelsessystem, som analyserer mails og bruger alle tilg\u00e6ngelige muligheder for at forhindre misbrug af dit eget dom\u00e6ne til at sende spam.<\/p>\n

Dette kan f.eks. g\u00f8res med en spambeskyttelsesgateway.<\/p>\n

Selv i dag er der stadig mange udbydere, som ikke beskytter e-mailen p\u00e5 deres kundedom\u00e6ner. Som regel er det kun MX-posten for et dom\u00e6ne, der er indstillet p\u00e5 serveren, s\u00e5 kunden ogs\u00e5 kan modtage e-mails via dom\u00e6net.<\/p>\n

Dette indeb\u00e6rer en r\u00e6kke farer. Fordi eMialsystemet kan manipuleres meget let. Det er muligt at forfalske afsendernavnet. Du kan sende en e-mail under et hvilket som helst dom\u00e6nenavn. Hvis dom\u00e6neejeren ikke har beskyttet sig mod dette, kan en anden person sende e-mails i hans navn. I v\u00e6rste fald sendes svarene tilbage til dom\u00e6neejeren.<\/p>\n

Det beh\u00f8ver det ikke at v\u00e6re. Med et par klik er dom\u00e6net godt beskyttet mod s\u00e5danne ting.<\/p>\n

SPF-optegnelse<\/h2>\n

Das Ramme for afsenderpolitik<\/strong> (SPF) er en af de metoder, der bruges til at beskytte afsenderdom\u00e6net mod forfalskning. Navneserverens SPF-post bekr\u00e6fter de e-mail-servere, der har tilladelse til at sende e-mails fra dette dom\u00e6ne.<\/p>\n

For webhosting.de vil det f.eks. v\u00e6re disse mailservere, som blev angivet i TXT-angivelsen:<\/p>\n

\"v=spf1 mx a:spamschutz.webhoster.de a:spamschutz2.webhoster.de a:spamschutz3.webhoster.de a:spamschutz4.webhoster.de -all\"<\/p>\n

Det er hermed tilladt, at A-poster p\u00e5 serverne spamschutz.webhoster.de osv. samt MX-posten p\u00e5 selve dom\u00e6net er godkendt til afsendelse.<\/p>\n

Vigtigt: En SPF-post er defineret ved RFC 7208<\/a> er blevet for\u00e6ldet. SPF-posten defineres ganske enkelt som en TXT-post i dom\u00e6net.<\/p>\n

Med den -alle<\/strong> vi forbyder afsendelse via andre servere.<\/p>\n

En udbyder, der kontrollerer SPF-posten, vil derefter ikke acceptere e-mailen eller markere den som mist\u00e6nkelig for spam.<\/p>\n

DKIM-optegnelse<\/h2>\n

For at kontrollere \u00e6gtheden af e-mail-afsenderen anvendes en identifikationsprotokol som f.eks. DomainKeys<\/strong> fra Yahoo er p\u00e5kr\u00e6vet.<\/p>\n

Selve e-mailen er forsynet med en digital signatur, som modtagerens e-mail-server kan verificere med en offentlig n\u00f8gle, der er tilg\u00e6ngelig i DNS.<\/p>\n

Der er nu forskellige m\u00e5der at definere det hele p\u00e5. Dette kan enten g\u00f8res p\u00e5 serveren. Til Plesk<\/a> Der skal dog installeres et script her, som gemmer n\u00f8glen lokalt, eller du skal bruge Plesk DNS-serveren.<\/p>\n

Hvis kontrolpanelet ikke tilbyder denne mulighed, kan du blot bruge en gateway til beskyttelse mod spam. Her kan du ogs\u00e5 direkte tilf\u00f8je en signatur til alle autentificerede udg\u00e5ende e-mails.<\/p>\n

I tilf\u00e6lde af ISTORE hos tjenesteyderen webhoster.de<\/a>\u00a0det g\u00e5r s\u00e5dan her:<\/p>\n

I Plesk-menuen skal du blot v\u00e6lge det relevante dom\u00e6ne og klikke p\u00e5 ISTORE i h\u00f8jre side.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk-menu<\/a>
Plesk-menu med iStore-funktion<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

V\u00e6lg det relevante dom\u00e6ne for adgang til iStore.<\/p>\n

\"V\u00e6lg<\/a><\/p>\n

Kontroller nu status for, om dom\u00e6net er beskyttet af spambeskyttelsesgatewayen.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk<\/a><\/p>\n

Status Beskyttet<\/strong>\u00a0bekr\u00e6fter, at dom\u00e6net er tilg\u00e6ngeligt i spambeskyttelsesgatewayen. Nu kan du h\u00f8jreklikke p\u00e5 Administrer i panelet for spamfilter<\/strong> og administrere dom\u00e6net i hovedmenuen.<\/p>\n

\"Hovedmenu<\/a>
Hovedmenu Spamexperts Panel<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

I hovedmenuen i spambeskyttelsesgatewayen kan du nu blot klikke i menuen i venstre side i afsnittet Fra<\/strong>\u00a0p\u00e5 DKIM<\/strong> for at starte generatoren for posten.
\n\"plesk-istore-spamexperts-dkim\"<\/a>
\nMed DKIM-posten lagres n\u00f8glen i spambeskyttelsesgatewayen, og den offentlige n\u00f8gle vises, som du derefter blot tilf\u00f8jer i navneserveren som en TXT-post.<\/p>\n

Hvis SPF-posten endnu ikke er indstillet, kan den ogs\u00e5 vises.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

DKIM generere<\/h3>\n
\"IStore<\/a>
IStore Spam Protection Gateway DKIM Generate<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Som selector bruger vi her standard<\/strong>. Det er egentlig ligegyldigt. De fleste systemer bruger dog standardindstillingen. I tilf\u00e6lde af en \u00e6ndring af systemet er det ikke altid, at alt skal tilpasses.<\/p>\n

\"DKIM<\/a>
DKIM Record klar til brug<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Den offentlige n\u00f8gle vises nu og kan nemt tilf\u00f8jes i navneserveren.<\/p>\n

Indstil DNS-post<\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"Indstil<\/a>
Indstil DKIM DNS-post<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Vigtigt er v\u00e6rtsposten default._domainkey.webhosting.de med den v\u00e6rdi, der er genereret af systemet. TTL-tiden kan indstilles vilk\u00e5rligt. Her plejer intet at \u00e6ndre sig s\u00e5 hurtigt. 400 sekunder er fint.<\/p>\n

DKIM-kontrol med mxtoolbox<\/h2>\n

Den nu indstillede post kan nemt slettes med mxtoolbox<\/a> check. Programmet viser straks, om alt er i orden.<\/p>\n

\"Kontroller<\/a>
Tjek DKIM-post med mxtoolbox<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

Som vi kan se, er DKIM-posten nu tilg\u00e6ngelig, men det vises, at der endnu ikke er nogen DMARC-post. Vi \u00f8nsker naturligvis at \u00e6ndre dette med det samme og blot indstille en passende DMARC-post.<\/p>\n

Tilf\u00f8j DMARC-post<\/h2>\n

En tredje beskyttelsesmekanisme for e-mails.\u00a0Dom\u00e6nebaseret autentificering, rapportering og overensstemmelse af meddelelser<\/b> (DMARC<\/b>) System.<\/p>\n

Dette supplerer de SPF- og DKIM-poster, der allerede er blevet indstillet. SPF bruges til at fort\u00e6lle, hvilke mailservere der har tilladelse til at sende mails fra dom\u00e6net. DKIM bekr\u00e6fter, at mailen kommer fra afsenderen. Med DMARC kan dom\u00e6neejeren nu give anbefalinger til den modtagende server om, hvad der skal ske med e-mailen, hvis SPF- eller DKIM-oplysningerne er forkerte. Som regel bliver e-mailen naturligvis afvist.<\/p>\n

En god bivirkning er rapporteringen. Med posten kan du oprette en e-mail-adresse<\/a> som mailserverens rapporter s\u00e5 sendes til. Det giver mening at bruge en rapporteringstjeneste i denne sammenh\u00e6ng. Dette tilbydes f.eks. ogs\u00e5 af mxtoolbox eller en anden tjeneste. I tilf\u00e6lde af misbrug af e-mailen kan der derefter handles meget hurtigt.<\/p>\n

DMARC-posten kan oprettes med en DMARC-postgenerator.<\/p>\n

Hvis alt er konfigureret korrekt, kan du indstille mailbrugen til at afvise.<\/p>\n

\"DMARC-generator<\/a><\/p>\n

I dette f\u00f8rste eksempel er anbefalingen indstillet til ingen i tilf\u00e6lde af en SPF- eller DKIM-fejl, s\u00e5 der kun sker indberetning. Da vi altid g\u00f8r alting rigtigt, kan posten s\u00e5 ogs\u00e5 s\u00e6ttes direkte til afvise<\/strong> \u00e6ndres.<\/p>\n

Endelig kontrol af dom\u00e6neindstillingerne<\/h2>\n

Vi bruger mxtoolbox igen til at kontrollere posterne efter optimering af indstillingerne.<\/p>\n

\"Kontrol<\/a>
Kontrol af posterne for DKIM, SPF, DMARC<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Endlich spamfrei leben. Das geht im Grunde nur mit einem professionellen Schutzsystem, welches die Mails analysiert und alle zur Verf\u00fcgung stehenden M\u00f6glichkeiten verwendet, um den Missbrauch der eigenen Domain zum Spamversand zu verhindern. Dies geht zum Beispiel mit einem Spamschutzgateway. Es gibt auch heute noch zahlreiche Provider, die die eMails Ihrer Kundendomains nicht sch\u00fctzen. In 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