{"id":6380,"date":"2020-12-08T11:16:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=6380"},"modified":"2020-12-08T11:16:29","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:29","slug":"dark-web-studie-bekraefter-etisk-juridisk-dilemma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/da\/dark-web-studie-bestaetigt-ethisch-rechtliches-dilemma\/","title":{"rendered":"Dark Web - Unders\u00f8gelse bekr\u00e6fter etisk-juridisk dilemma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Den h\u00f8je grad af anonymitet p\u00e5 det m\u00f8rke net, som er tilg\u00e6ngeligt via konventionelle servere og cloud-hosting<\/a> betjenes, men kun via M\u00e5l<\/a> kan opn\u00e5s, beskytter mennesker i diktaturer mod forf\u00f8lgelse og censur. Samtidig bruges dark web dog ogs\u00e5 af kriminelle, f.eks. til handel med narkotika og v\u00e5ben og til udveksling af b\u00f8rnepornografi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En unders\u00f8gelse fra Virginia Tech, offentliggjort i tidsskriftet PNAS<\/a> har nu unders\u00f8gt, hvilken brug af det m\u00f8rke net der er mest udbredt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Som med ethvert v\u00e6rkt\u00f8j, der kan bruges til godt eller ondt, er sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5let, om fordelene opvejer ulemperne. Sider<\/a> overg\u00e5 det.\"<\/span><\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vagtknuder i Tor-netv\u00e6rket, der drives<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

For at analysere trafikken brugte forskerne en procent af Tor-netv\u00e6rkets vagtnoder (indgangsnoder) fra december 2018 til august 2019. Dette gjorde det muligt for dem at registrere, om netv\u00e6rket kun blev brugt til anonym internetbrug, eller om der var adgang til onion\/hidden services (skjulte sider) via det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Takket v\u00e6re Onion-netv\u00e6rkets anonymitet kunne forskerne ikke spore, hvilket indhold Tor-brugere s\u00f8gte efter p\u00e5 det m\u00f8rke net og i den \"normale\" del af internettet. Ogs\u00e5 IP-adresser<\/a> af brugerne blev kun delvist gemt for at kunne identificere det land, hvorfra den p\u00e5g\u00e6ldende anmodning kom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I vores analyse antager vi dog, at Tor-kunder, der bruger Onion\/Hidden Services, sandsynligvis prim\u00e6rt har ulovlige aktiviteter i tankerne, f.eks. bes\u00f8g p\u00e5 hackerfora, websteder til omladning af narkotika eller b\u00f8rnepornografiske websteder.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Indhold p\u00e5 det m\u00f8rke net anvendes n\u00e6sten ikke<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ekstrapoleret viser unders\u00f8gelsens data, at mellem to og 2,5 millioner mennesker bruger Tor-netv\u00e6rket hver dag. En stor del af disse bruger kun Tor til at f\u00e5 anonym adgang til det normale internet, men ikke til at f\u00e5 adgang til indhold p\u00e5 det m\u00f8rke net.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Kun 6,7 procent af alle Tor-brugere i vores stikpr\u00f8ve bes\u00f8gte Onion\/Hidden Services-websteder. Med andre ord er det kun omkring en ud af 20 Tor-brugere, der bruger systemet til ulovlige form\u00e5l p\u00e5 en given dag.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Unders\u00f8gelsen modbeviser s\u00e5ledes den g\u00e6ngse antagelse, at Tor-netv\u00e6rket hovedsageligt bruges af kriminelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Vores Data<\/a> tyder p\u00e5, at Tor-brugere generelt g\u00f8r forholdsvis lovlige ting med Tor-netv\u00e6rket og slet ikke ser Onion\/Hidden Services-indhold.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Tor-anvendelse afh\u00e6nger af styreform<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Analysen viser ogs\u00e5, at der er store forskelle mellem de enkelte stater med hensyn til den type anvendelse af Tor. Folk i politisk ufrie stater er mere tilb\u00f8jelige til at bruge Tor til at f\u00e5 anonym adgang til det almindelige internet. Procentdelen af adgang til dark web er kun 4,8 procent i Algeriet, Rusland, Kina og andre lande med statscensur. I lande med liberale systemer og ytringsfrihed er der derimod 7,8 procent af alle Tor-adgange til indhold p\u00e5 Dark Web.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

: \"Disse resultater tyder p\u00e5, at lovlig og ulovlig brug af Tor-netv\u00e6rket varierer betydeligt afh\u00e6ngigt af den politiske kontekst. Potentielt kriminel brug har tendens til at v\u00e6re koncentreret i frie regimer, mens brugere fra ufrie lande er mere tilb\u00f8jelige til at bruge systemet til politiske og borgerretlige form\u00e5l.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Unders\u00f8gelse viser det etisk-juridiske dilemma i forbindelse med det m\u00f8rke net<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Forskerne siger, at unders\u00f8gelsen bekr\u00e6fter de etisk-juridiske dilemmaer i forbindelse med det m\u00f8rke net. Det skal derfor diskuteres i et samfund, om og i hvilket omfang ulemperne ved kriminel brug opvejer fordelene ved anonym brug af internettet. Dette er is\u00e6r problematisk, fordi cost-benefit-beregningen ogs\u00e5 skal omfatte andre lande med v\u00e6sentligt anderledes politiske forhold.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

: \"At lade Tor-netv\u00e6rket v\u00e6re aktivt og fri for lovlig overv\u00e5gning kan v\u00e6re skadeligt, fordi systemet tilskynder til narkohandel, b\u00f8rnemishandling og v\u00e5benhandel. At lukke Tor ville skade dissidenter og menneskerettighedsaktivister - is\u00e6r i undertrykkende systemer, hvor der er mest brug for en s\u00e5dan teknologisk beskyttelse.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Nogle lande, herunder Tyskland, planl\u00e6gger nu s\u00e6rlige love som reaktion p\u00e5 den kriminelle brug af Dark Web, is\u00e6r i forbindelse med den Bek\u00e6mpelse af kriminelle markedspladser<\/a> b\u00f8r hj\u00e6lpe. Tyskland \u00f8nsker dog ikke at forbyde adgangen til Tor-netv\u00e6rket helt og holdent.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tor-netv\u00e6rket bruges prim\u00e6rt til anonym brug af det normale internet. Kun f\u00e5 brugere har adgang til indhold p\u00e5 det m\u00f8rke net.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[945,946],"class_list":["post-6380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-dark-web","tag-studie"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":"712","rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"712","rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":null,"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":"1","_edit_lock":"1607422589:1","_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4750","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"dark-web-study-confirms-ethical-legal-dilemma","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"tumsais-tikls-petijums-apstiprina-etisko-tiesisko-dilemmu","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_da_dk":null,"_trp_au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