{"id":4180,"date":"2020-10-30T21:40:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T20:40:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4180"},"modified":"2020-10-30T21:40:26","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T20:40:26","slug":"protection-antispam-spamassassin-the-free","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/spamassassin-der-kostenlose-anti-spamschutz\/","title":{"rendered":"Spamassassin - La protection antispam gratuite"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chaque jour, 28 milliards de courriers ind\u00e9sirables sont envoy\u00e9s. Cela repr\u00e9sente une grande partie de l'ensemble du trafic de courrier \u00e9lectronique et pratiquement aucun compte de courrier \u00e9lectronique n'est \u00e9pargn\u00e9 par les courriers publicitaires ind\u00e9sirables. Jusqu'\u00e0 pr\u00e9sent, le seul moyen de prot\u00e9ger votre bo\u00eete aux lettres \u00e9lectronique contre ces messages est un bon filtre anti-pourriel qui fonctionne. SpamAssassin est \u00e9galement un filtre de ce type, mais c'est surtout son algorithme litt\u00e9ralement tri\u00e9 sur le volet et sa grande flexibilit\u00e9 qui en font un logiciel tr\u00e8s particulier.<\/p>\n

Un bref aper\u00e7u<\/h2>\n

Bien que toute une \u00e9quipe travaille actuellement sur le logiciel, la premi\u00e8re pierre de SpamAssassin a \u00e9t\u00e9 pos\u00e9e par Justin Mason, qui \u00e9tait auparavant responsable d'un programme similaire appel\u00e9 filter.plx. En 2001, les parties du programme ont \u00e9t\u00e9 adapt\u00e9es et r\u00e9\u00e9crites et renomm\u00e9es sous le nom de nouveau projet \"Spamassassin\". Depuis 2004, il appartient \u00e0 l'Apache Software Foundation et est toujours en open source. Outre la nature open-source du programme, il existe \u00e9galement une licence qui rend le programme libre, dont l'utilisation priv\u00e9e et commerciale, par exemple comme module d'un autre logiciel payant, est totalement gratuite.<\/p>\n

Un grand avantage du logiciel est sa grande flexibilit\u00e9 en ce qui concerne le niveau d'utilisation, car SpamAssassin peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 soit comme application propre, soit comme sous-programme (module) d'un autre logiciel, soit comme programme client d'un d\u00e9mon de messagerie, soit comme appel d'un MDA (Mail Delivery Agent) comme Procmail. Important : m\u00eame si diff\u00e9rentes instances du logiciel sont int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans la cha\u00eene de distribution, aucun message n'est envoy\u00e9 en raison du drapeau. Courrier \u00e9lectronique<\/a> analys\u00e9 deux fois, ce qui \u00e9vite la redondance des processus et r\u00e9duit l'utilisation des ressources.<\/p>\n

Voici comment fonctionne le processus de tri<\/h2>\n

SpamAssassin fonctionne selon un syst\u00e8me de points. Chaque e-mail entrant est analys\u00e9 selon certains crit\u00e8res et se voit attribuer des points qui indiquent la probabilit\u00e9 qu'il s'agisse d'un spam. Spam<\/a> est en cours. Un seuil (Threshold) r\u00e9glable par l'utilisateur d\u00e9finit le point \u00e0 partir duquel l'e-mail est trait\u00e9 comme spam et \u00e9limin\u00e9. Afin d'obtenir un score aussi pr\u00e9cis que possible, le programme dispose de toute une s\u00e9rie de m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e9rentes telles que<\/p>\n

- Listes blanches et noires bas\u00e9es sur le DNS
\n- Filtre \u00e0 somme de contr\u00f4le provenant de fournisseurs commerciaux et \u00e0 code source ouvert tels que DCC ou Vipul's Razor
\n- Filtre d'expression bas\u00e9 sur Mots-cl\u00e9s<\/a> ou des phrases cl\u00e9s
\n- Le syst\u00e8me Hashcash (preuve de travail)
\n- DIM et SPF
\n- Listes d'URL telles que produites par des traqueurs comme uribl.com<\/p>\n

Filtre bay\u00e9sien<\/h2>\n

En plus des syst\u00e8mes de filtrage plus ou moins statiques, SpamAssassin dispose d'un algorithme appliqu\u00e9 au filtre bay\u00e9sien qui est capable d'\"apprendre\" certaines heuristiques, c'est-\u00e0-dire des \u00e9l\u00e9ments r\u00e9currents et distinctifs, \u00e0 partir de spams d\u00e9j\u00e0 envoy\u00e9s et donc de s'adapter au comportement de l'utilisateur. Le syst\u00e8me est bas\u00e9 sur le concept de probabilit\u00e9 de Byesian, mais a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 critiqu\u00e9 parce qu'un syst\u00e8me de filtrage non appris produit souvent des faux positifs.<\/p>\n

Afin d'\u00e9viter cela, il est recommand\u00e9 de v\u00e9rifier d'abord plus attentivement les e-mails class\u00e9s comme spam. Le filtre bay\u00e9sien contient un outil, accessible via la ligne de commande sa-learn, qui peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour rechercher des heuristiques dans des courriers \u00e9lectroniques individuels ou des bo\u00eetes aux lettres enti\u00e8res. Si ce processus a \u00e9t\u00e9 effectu\u00e9 plusieurs fois, le nombre de faux positifs est consid\u00e9rablement r\u00e9duit.<\/p>\n

\u00c9volution actuelle<\/h2>\n

Au cours des derni\u00e8res mises \u00e0 jour des versions 3.3 et 3.4, SpamAssassin a re\u00e7u une nouvelle fonctionnalit\u00e9 majeure qui devrait avoir un impact important sur l'utilisation des ressources. Bien que les performances aient \u00e9t\u00e9 optimis\u00e9es au pr\u00e9alable, le programme se comporte d\u00e9sormais comme un automate fini d\u00e9terministe. Fondamentalement, le mat\u00e9riel peut mieux s'adapter aux DEA car les \u00e9tats possibles sont toujours d\u00e9termin\u00e9s, c'est-\u00e0-dire pr\u00e9d\u00e9termin\u00e9s. Un syst\u00e8me correctement programm\u00e9 - comme le mat\u00e9riel serveur actuel - peut ainsi r\u00e9server et lib\u00e9rer des ressources de mani\u00e8re critique.<\/p>\n

Soutien aux programmes<\/h2>\n

Comme d\u00e9j\u00e0 mentionn\u00e9, la grande flexibilit\u00e9 du code du programme est un argument de vente unique, mais SpamAssassin dispose \u00e9galement d'une API performante qui permet l'\u00e9change de donn\u00e9es avec de nombreux autres programmes. Parmi les projets open source, on trouve les clients de messagerie \u00e9lectronique fr\u00e9quemment utilis\u00e9s Mozilla Thunderbird, KMail ainsi que Novell Evolution ou des logiciels exotiques comme Citadel ou Claws Mail. Avec les produits commerciaux, SpamAssassin est d\u00e9j\u00e0 int\u00e9gr\u00e9 dans le code du programme. C'est le cas du serveur Icewarp, de McAfee SpamKiller, de Mac OS X Server ou de Sophos PureMessage.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pro Tag werden 28 Milliarden SPAM-Mails versendet. Das ist ein Gro\u00dfteil des gesamten E-Mail-Verkehrs und kaum ein E-Mail-Konto bleibt von den unerw\u00fcnschten Werbemails verschont. Die bisher einzige M\u00f6glichkeit, sein Postfach vor ihnen zu sch\u00fctzen, ist ein guter und funktionierender Spam-Filter. Auch SpamAssassin ist ein solcher Spam-Filter, jedoch macht ihn vor allem sein buchst\u00e4blich handverlesener Algorithmus […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":611,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[673,788],"tags":[182,151,184],"class_list":["post-4180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-computer_und_internet","category-software-computer_und_internet","tag-antivirus","tag-spam","tag-spamassassin"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"spam","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"5026","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"spamassassin-the-free-anti-spam-kaitse","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"spamassassin-the-free-anti-spam-protection","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_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