{"id":4274,"date":"2020-10-30T22:18:08","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:18:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4274"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:18:08","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:18:08","slug":"serveur-web-apache","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/apache-webserver\/","title":{"rendered":"Serveur web Apache"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le serveur web Apache<\/h2>\n

Le serveur web Apache, nom d'origine Apache HTTP Server, est le serveur web le plus utilis\u00e9 sur le World Wide Web.
\nLe serveur web est cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l'Apache Software Foundation. Le syst\u00e8me est distribu\u00e9 gratuitement sous une licence open source.
\nLa premi\u00e8re version est sortie en 1995. Le num\u00e9ro de la version actuelle est 2.4.25 (statut 12\/2016).<\/p>\n

Histoire du d\u00e9veloppement<\/h3>\n

En 1994, huit d\u00e9veloppeurs ont d\u00e9cid\u00e9 d'am\u00e9liorer le serveur web Httpd de la NSCA. L'\u00e9quipe, compos\u00e9e de David Robinson, Cliff Skolnick, Randy Terbush, Roy T. Fielding, Rob Hartill, Brian Behlendorf, Robert S. Thau et Andrew Wilson, a corrig\u00e9 des extensions de l'ancien serveur de la NSCA et a publi\u00e9 la premi\u00e8re version du serveur HTTP Apache en 1995. Le nom a \u00e9t\u00e9 choisi par respect pour la tribu indienne des Apatschen. Aujourd'hui, la communaut\u00e9 des d\u00e9veloppeurs se compose principalement de d\u00e9veloppeurs b\u00e9n\u00e9voles du monde entier. Le serveur web Apache est le fruit des suggestions et des id\u00e9es d'am\u00e9lioration de tous les utilisateurs du monde entier. Gr\u00e2ce au code source ouvert, tout utilisateur int\u00e9ress\u00e9 et qualifi\u00e9 peut programmer ses am\u00e9liorations directement dans le serveur web Apache.<\/p>\n

Propri\u00e9t\u00e9s du syst\u00e8me<\/h3>\n

Le serveur web modulaire prend en charge une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 de syst\u00e8mes d'exploitation, notamment Linux, Unix et Windows. La stabilit\u00e9 et la vitesse du serveur ont \u00e9t\u00e9 consid\u00e9rablement am\u00e9lior\u00e9es dans la version 2.0, principalement pour les syst\u00e8mes non-Unix.
\nLes fonctions importantes du syst\u00e8me sont g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9es et mises \u00e0 disposition via la biblioth\u00e8que Apache Portable Runtime, de sorte que les particularit\u00e9s des diff\u00e9rents syst\u00e8mes d'exploitation puissent \u00eatre pleinement utilis\u00e9es. Selon la plate-forme, les diff\u00e9rents modules MPM (Multiprocessing) sont \u00e9galement diff\u00e9rents. Ces modules sont notamment utilis\u00e9s pour traiter les demandes de plusieurs clients. Ces MPM sont chacun optimis\u00e9s pour le syst\u00e8me d'exploitation, de sorte que sous Windows, le MPM est optimis\u00e9 pour les threads, tandis que sous Unix, la bifurcation des processus est prise en charge.<\/p>\n

En raison de sa structure modulaire, le serveur web Apache peut, au moyen de modules appropri\u00e9s, par exemple, agir comme un serveur proxy (mod_proxy), chiffrer la communication entre le navigateur Internet et le serveur web (mod_ssl) ou manipuler les en-t\u00eates HTTP. Des modifications des donn\u00e9es URL sont \u00e9galement possibles.<\/p>\n

Avec l'aide de langages de script c\u00f4t\u00e9 serveur comme Perl<\/a>, Ruby ou PHP<\/a> le serveur HTTP Apache offre la possibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er des pages web dynamiques. Ces langages de script, qui comprennent JavaScript<\/a>Python et .Net doivent \u00eatre inclus en tant que modules ou accessibles via CGI. Il est possible d'activer ou de d\u00e9sactiver diff\u00e9rents modules \u00e0 tout moment.
\nGr\u00e2ce au mod_include du serveur HTTP Apache, il est possible de cr\u00e9er des Server Side Includes qui r\u00e9duisent consid\u00e9rablement le travail d'administration des sites web statiques en cr\u00e9ant des sites web dynamiques.<\/p>\n

Comme tous les programmes de l'Apache Software Foundation, le serveur HTTP Apache est un logiciel libre. L'octroi des licences se fait selon les normes de la GPL.<\/p>\n

Extensibilit\u00e9<\/h3>\n

Apache Serveur web<\/a> offrent de tr\u00e8s bonnes possibilit\u00e9s d'extension gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur conception modulaire. Ces modules, qui sont disponibles gratuitement partout sur Internet, commencent toujours par \"mod_\". Ils peuvent \u00eatre t\u00e9l\u00e9charg\u00e9s et int\u00e9gr\u00e9s dans le serveur web en fonction de l'utilisation pr\u00e9vue. Il existe un grand nombre de modules disponibles. Les objectifs de l'utilisation sont entre autres les fonctions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 (par exemple SSL), l'int\u00e9gration de langages de script, les redirections, l'authentification, les rapports d'\u00e9tat et bien plus encore.<\/p>\n

Plates-formes et versions<\/h3>\n

Le serveur HTTP Apache est inclus par d\u00e9faut \u00e0 la fois dans les distributions Mac Os et dans toutes les distributions Linux. Windows est \u00e9galement enti\u00e8rement pris en charge par le logiciel.
\nLa s\u00e9rie de versions 1.x, dont la premi\u00e8re version est sortie en 1995, a expir\u00e9 avec la version 1.3.x en f\u00e9vrier 2010. Depuis mars 2000, le d\u00e9veloppement de la s\u00e9rie de versions 2.x se d\u00e9roule en parall\u00e8le. Dans cette s\u00e9rie, seule la version 2.2.x est prise en charge en plus de la version 2.4.x actuelle et est fournie avec des mises \u00e0 jour de s\u00e9curit\u00e9.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Der Apache Webserver Der Apache Webserver, Originalbezeichnung Apache HTTP Server ist der meistverwendete Webserver im World-Wide-Web. Erstellt wird der Webserver von der Apache Software Foundation. Das System wird in einer quelloffenen Lizenz, frei vertrieben. Die erste Version wurde 1995 ver\u00f6ffentlicht. Die aktuelle Versionsnummer lautet 2.4.25 (Stand 12\/2016). Entwicklungsgeschichte Im Jahr 1994 entschlossen sich acht Entwickler 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