{"id":4276,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","slug":"filtre-anti-spam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/spamfilter\/","title":{"rendered":"Filtre anti-spam"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Le nom anglais \"spam\" dans le filtre anti-spam peut \u00eatre traduit par le mot allemand \"Abfall\". A l'origine, il s'agit de la viande en conserve. Dans le secteur informatique, il s'agit de messages \u00e9lectroniques non sollicit\u00e9s, c'est-\u00e0-dire livr\u00e9s sans que le destinataire en ait fait la demande. Ils contiennent g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement de la publicit\u00e9. Selon une \u00e9tude du portail de statistiques de Hambourg Statista, le nombre de spams dans le monde en 2014 \u00e9tait de 28 milliards. Il s'agit d'un probl\u00e8me mondial qui est r\u00e9solu \u00e0 l'aide d'un filtre anti-pourriel ; plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, les messages ind\u00e9sirables doivent \u00eatre tri\u00e9s par un programme informatique. L'exp\u00e9diteur de ce courrier ind\u00e9sirable est appel\u00e9 \"spammeur\", le processus est appel\u00e9 \"spamming\" ou \"pollupostage\".<\/p>\n<h2>Domaines d'application d'un filtre anti-spam<\/h2>\n<p>Classiquement, l'utilisation d'un filtre anti-spam se limitait au tri des courriers \u00e9lectroniques ind\u00e9sirables. \u00c0 cette fin, des modules pour les programmes de courrier \u00e9lectronique et les serveurs de messagerie ont \u00e9t\u00e9 construits \u00e0 l'aide d'algorithmes. Cependant, comme l'importance de la publicit\u00e9 sur Internet a augment\u00e9 de plus en plus dans le pass\u00e9, des programmes plus r\u00e9cents filtrent \u00e9galement les pages. Plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, les filtres anti-pourriel sont \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9s pour les navigateurs web, les wikis et les blogs.<\/p>\n<h3>M\u00e9thodes de travail d'un filtre anti-spam<\/h3>\n<p>Les filtres antispam d\u00e9tectent les informations qui sont directement li\u00e9es \u00e0 un courrier. Il peut s'agir du contenu du courrier lui-m\u00eame, mais l'exp\u00e9diteur d'un message peut \u00e9galement \u00eatre v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 dans une mesure limit\u00e9e. Trois m\u00e9thodes se sont impos\u00e9es :<br \/>\n(a) Le <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/spamhaus-org-guide-to-subscribe-description-of-service-etc\/\">M\u00e9thode de la liste noire<\/a>. Une liste noire est une \"liste noire\" qui est synonyme de contact ind\u00e9sirable. En termes de contenu, une telle liste \u00e9num\u00e8re certaines expressions et mots-cl\u00e9s. Un algorithme recherche ces mots cl\u00e9s dans un courrier ; s'il trouve ces mots cl\u00e9s, il fera en sorte qu'un courrier soit tri\u00e9. La m\u00eame proc\u00e9dure peut \u00eatre \u00e9tendue \u00e0 l'exp\u00e9diteur. De nombreux filtres antispam qui fonctionnent selon la m\u00e9thode de la liste noire contiennent d\u00e9j\u00e0 une vaste base de donn\u00e9es. Les utilisateurs peuvent \u00e9tendre cette base de donn\u00e9es en fonction de leurs besoins personnels.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/spam-2.png\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-1945\" src=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/01\/spam-2.png\" alt=\"Enveloppe de spam\" width=\"128\" height=\"128\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>b) La m\u00e9thode du filtre bay\u00e9sien. La m\u00e9thode du filtre bay\u00e9sien repose sur la th\u00e9orie des probabilit\u00e9s et pr\u00e9suppose la collaboration de l'utilisateur, surtout au d\u00e9but de l'utilisation. Si elle est correctement configur\u00e9e, elle est sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la m\u00e9thode de la liste noire. L'utilisateur doit consid\u00e9rer les e-mails re\u00e7us comme <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/srs-mit-postfix-unter-centos\/\">Spam<\/a> ou ne pas classer les spams. En arri\u00e8re-plan, le filtre bay\u00e9sien apprend les r\u00e8gles sans qu'il soit n\u00e9cessaire d'intervenir dans les algorithmes. Apr\u00e8s avoir class\u00e9 lui-m\u00eame environ 1.000 e-mails, le filtre fonctionne de mani\u00e8re autonome. Le filtre bay\u00e9sien continue \u00e9galement d'apprendre dans le cadre des tris ult\u00e9rieurs.<br \/>\n(c) Le <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/datenbank-server\/\">Base de donn\u00e9es<\/a> des solutions bas\u00e9es. Les courriels publicitaires, en particulier, contiennent une s\u00e9rie de donn\u00e9es destin\u00e9es \u00e0 mener \u00e0 un contact sp\u00e9cifique. Cela comprend surtout l'URL d'un <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/eine-eigene-webseite-fuer-ihr-unternehmen-ja-oder-nein\/\">site web<\/a> et le num\u00e9ro de t\u00e9l\u00e9phone. Les solutions bas\u00e9es sur des bases de donn\u00e9es utilisent des algorithmes pour rechercher ces informations. S'ils sont trouv\u00e9s, les courriers sont tri\u00e9s. Le taux de r\u00e9ussite de ces proc\u00e9dures peut \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9 de tr\u00e8s bon. Bien que les courriers publicitaires puissent \u00eatre redessin\u00e9s \u00e0 plusieurs reprises et donc en nombre illimit\u00e9, certaines donn\u00e9es restent toujours les m\u00eames.<\/p>\n<h3>Taux d'erreur des filtres anti-spam<\/h3>\n<p>Les spams sont devenus de plus en plus sophistiqu\u00e9s dans le pass\u00e9. Par cons\u00e9quent, l'application de filtrage du spam doit \u00e9voluer. Cela implique des efforts et des co\u00fbts, c'est pourquoi certains fournisseurs font payer des frais pour tout service. De plus, le tri par programme est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 un taux d'erreur, mais celui-ci peut \u00eatre r\u00e9duit par la formation. La d\u00e9tection faussement n\u00e9gative se produit lorsque les messages de spam arrivent dans la bo\u00eete de r\u00e9ception normale ; la d\u00e9tection faussement positive se produit lorsque les messages normaux sont confondus avec du spam. Alors que les mesures d'optimisation r\u00e9duisent le taux d'erreur de la d\u00e9tection des faux n\u00e9gatifs \u00e0 dix \u00e0 un pour cent, la d\u00e9tection des faux positifs tend vers z\u00e9ro.<\/p>\n<p>Un filtre anti-spam connu est par exemple <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/protection-antispam-spamassassin-the-free\/\">SpamAssassin<\/a>qui est utilis\u00e9 par la plupart des fournisseurs de courrier \u00e9lectronique.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Das englische Substantiv &#8222;spam&#8220; im Spamfilter l\u00e4sst sich mit dem deutschen Wort Abfall widergeben. Urspr\u00fcnglich ist damit Dosenfleisch gemeint. Es handelt sich dabei im IT-Bereich um unerw\u00fcnschte elektronische Nachrichten; d.h. sie werden zugestellt, ohne dass es dem Wunsch des Empf\u00e4ngers entspricht. Meist beinhalten sie Werbung. Nach Recherchen des Hamburger Statistik-Portals Statista betrug die Anzahl der [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1005,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[732],"tags":[247,151,308],"class_list":["post-4276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lexikon","tag-lexikon","tag-spam","tag-spamfilter"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"spamfilter","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4140","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"raempsposti-filter","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"surogatpasta-filtrs","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_da_dk":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slu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