{"id":4319,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4319"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","slug":"xml-extensible-markup-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/xml-extensible-markup-language\/","title":{"rendered":"XML (Langage de balisage extensible)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>L'abr\u00e9viation XML fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au langage de balisage extensible, qui est utilis\u00e9 pour la repr\u00e9sentation de donn\u00e9es structur\u00e9es hi\u00e9rarchiquement. <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/personenbezogene-daten-sozialen-netzwerken\/\">Donn\u00e9es<\/a> en format de fichier texte. Le XML est \u00e9galement utilis\u00e9 pour l'\u00e9change de donn\u00e9es entre des syst\u00e8mes informatiques ind\u00e9pendants des plateformes et des mises en \u0153uvre.<\/p>\n<h3>Les caract\u00e9ristiques du XML<\/h3>\n<p>La sp\u00e9cification XML d\u00e9finit un m\u00e9ta-langage, sur la base duquel, \u00e0 son tour, les langages sp\u00e9cifiques aux applications sont d\u00e9termin\u00e9s par le contenu et les restrictions structurelles. Les restrictions sont exprim\u00e9es \u00e0 l'aide de sch\u00e9mas XML ou DTD. Parmi les exemples de langages XML, citons MathML, RSS, GraphML, XAML ou GPX, ainsi que le sch\u00e9ma XML lui-m\u00eame. Un document XML est constitu\u00e9 de caract\u00e8res de texte en codage UTF-8. Vous pouvez visualiser et modifier le XML dans n'importe quel \u00e9diteur qui prend en charge l'UTF-8. Si un document XML doit contenir des donn\u00e9es binaires, ces donn\u00e9es doivent \u00eatre cod\u00e9es sous forme de texte, pour lequel diff\u00e9rents types de codage peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s. En ce qui concerne les documents XML, l'\u00e9l\u00e9ment est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l'unit\u00e9 structurelle la plus importante, avec des \u00e9l\u00e9ments contenant \u00e0 la fois du texte et d'autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments comme contenu. Le nom d'un \u00e9l\u00e9ment XML peut \u00eatre librement d\u00e9fini dans les documents XML sans DTD. Dans les documents XML avec DTD, les noms des \u00e9l\u00e9ments doivent \u00eatre affich\u00e9s dans la DTD et l'\u00e9l\u00e9ment doit \u00eatre dans une position autoris\u00e9e dans l'arbre de structure. Le contenu de chaque \u00e9l\u00e9ment est d\u00e9fini dans la DTD. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les supports d'information d'un document XML,<\/p>\n<h3>L'histoire du XML<\/h3>\n<p>Le XML est n\u00e9 du fait que le langage de programmation <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/html-hypertext-markup-language\/\">HTML<\/a> a atteint un certain point d'\u00e9puisement.<br \/>\nBien que le HTML ait fait beaucoup de progr\u00e8s, ses limites sont apparues tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t au d\u00e9but de l'Internet et il est apparu assez rapidement qu'il fallait un langage offrant la possibilit\u00e9 de d\u00e9finir toutes les balises de mani\u00e8re universelle. Le SGML \u00e9tait un langage de document universel plus long, dont le HTML \u00e9tait \u00e9galement d\u00e9riv\u00e9, mais il s'est av\u00e9r\u00e9 trop compliqu\u00e9 pour le web. Avec XML, un langage de document tr\u00e8s l\u00e9ger a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9velopp\u00e9, qui est arbitrairement extensible. Le XML est utilis\u00e9 pour d\u00e9finir ses propres balises de mani\u00e8re simple, l'apparence \u00e9tant fixe, contrairement \u00e0 la signification, qui n'est pas d\u00e9finie. Une \u00e9tiquette est soit autonome, soit elle d\u00e9limite une zone, les \u00e9tiquettes ayant un ou plusieurs param\u00e8tres, voire aucun. Les param\u00e8tres re\u00e7oivent des valeurs qui sont incluses et assign\u00e9es avec certaines commandes. Les balises peuvent \u00eatre imbriqu\u00e9es les unes dans les autres, ce qui permet de structurer les donn\u00e9es de mani\u00e8re hi\u00e9rarchique.<\/p>\n<h3><a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Fotolia_140932888_XS.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-2644 alignright\" src=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/03\/Fotolia_140932888_XS.jpg\" alt=\"xml\" width=\"424\" height=\"283\" \/><\/a>Les avantages du XML<\/h3>\n<p>Fondamentalement, le XML peut \u00eatre utilis\u00e9 pour tout type de description, de stockage ou d'\u00e9change de donn\u00e9es. Les avantages du XML r\u00e9sident dans la large diffusion et le faible effort d'apprentissage qui en d\u00e9coule, dans la popularit\u00e9 et la facilit\u00e9 d'utilisation. <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/fr\/bessere-lesbarkeit-mit-yoast-seo-erreichen-die-anleitung\/\">Lisibilit\u00e9<\/a> pour la machine et l'homme. Par rapport \u00e0 un format binaire propre, qui est compact, les besoins plus importants en m\u00e9moire et le traitement parfois plus lent sont parmi les inconv\u00e9nients. Toutefois, ces deux aspects ne jouent pratiquement plus de r\u00f4le aujourd'hui, de sorte que les avantages l'emportent sur les inconv\u00e9nients et que le XML a pu s'imposer dans de nombreux domaines.<\/p>\n<h3>Diff\u00e9rents domaines d'application<\/h3>\n<p>Outre l'utilisation de nouvelles balises pour la r\u00e9daction de documents, les diff\u00e9rents domaines d'application comprennent<br \/>\nque diff\u00e9rents formats de sortie peuvent \u00eatre g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9s \u00e0 partir d'une m\u00eame page XML et que la cr\u00e9ation de sites web peut se faire en s\u00e9parant la conception et la programmation.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mit der Abk\u00fcrzung XML wird die Extensible Markup Language (englisch f\u00fcr &#8222;erweiterbare Auszeichnungssprache&#8220;) bezeichnet, die der Darstellung von hierarchisch strukturierten Daten in Textdatei-Format dient. XML wird zudem auch f\u00fcr den Austausch von Daten, die unabh\u00e4ngig von Plattformen und Implementierungen sind, zwischen Rechner-Systemen verwendet. Die Merkmale von XML Durch die XML-Spezifikation wird eine Metasprache definiert, auf 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