{"id":4174,"date":"2020-10-30T19:54:59","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T18:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/"},"modified":"2021-07-15T13:06:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T12:06:06","slug":"ramdisk-to-acceleration-creates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/","title":{"rendered":"Tworzenie Ramdysku w celu przyspieszenia Amavisa pod Linuksem"},"content":{"rendered":"

W codziennym u\u017cytkowaniu serwera WWW niekt\u00f3re us\u0142ugi spadaj\u0105 z rosn\u0105cym zapotrzebowaniem na coraz d\u0142u\u017csze przetwarzanie \u017c\u0105dania, a tym samym obci\u0105\u017cenie serwera.
\nTypowym przyk\u0142adem jest interfejs pomi\u0119dzy serwerem pocztowym a skanerem antywirusowym: Amavis, kt\u00f3ry tymczasowo zapisuje wiadomo\u015bci e-mail i odczytuje je ponownie. Stwarza to oczywi\u015bcie du\u017ce zapotrzebowanie na dost\u0119p do dysk\u00f3w twardych lub SSD w wi\u0119kszych systemach.
\nTutaj mo\u017cliwe jest zapisanie tych operacji na plikach w pami\u0119ci roboczej w celu zagwarantowania znacznie szybszego przetwarzania.<\/p>\n

Innym przyk\u0142adem mo\u017ce by\u0107 sam katalog \/tmp w katalogu php<\/a> pliki sesyjne, a nawet pliki dziennika.<\/p>\n

Przy zapisywaniu w pami\u0119ci RAM zawsze istnieje ryzyko straty z powodu awarii systemu lub restartu serwera. Dlatego powiniene\u015b zawsze oszcz\u0119dza\u0107 tylko niewa\u017cne Dane<\/a> przechowywa\u0107 tam, lub zapewni\u0107 regularne tworzenie kopii zapasowych.<\/p>\n

RAMDISK dla Amavisa mo\u017cna \u0142atwo utworzy\u0107 za pomoc\u0105 kilku polece\u0144.<\/p>\n

Do skonfigurowania ramdysku potrzebny jest katalog, w kt\u00f3rym Amavis przechowuje pliki oraz identyfikator u\u017cytkownika i grupy.<\/p>\n

Oba mo\u017cna naj\u0142atwiej zrobi\u0107 z<\/p>\n

witaj 'amavis' \/etc\/passwd<\/span> <\/p>\n

odczyta\u0107.<\/p>\n

amavis:x:497:497:Amavis e-mail scan u\u017cytkownik:\/var\/amavis:\/bin\/sh<\/p>\n

\u015acie\u017cka w tym przyk\u0142adzie to \/var\/amavis. Pliki tymczasowe s\u0105 nast\u0119pnie przechowywane w katalogu \/var\/amavis\/tmp. Dla tego katalogu chcemy stworzy\u0107 ramdisk.<\/p>\n

Identyfikator u\u017cytkownika jest pierwsz\u0105 liczb\u0105 497, po kt\u00f3rej nast\u0119puje identyfikator grupy, kt\u00f3ry w tym przypadku r\u00f3wnie\u017c wynosi 497.<\/p>\n

W \/etc\/fstab wpisujemy teraz nast\u0119puj\u0105c\u0105 lini\u0119, aby zapewni\u0107, \u017ce ramdisk zostanie utworzony nawet po restarcie<\/p>\n

tmpfs \/var\/amavis\/tmp tmpfs domy\u015blnie, rozmiar=256m, tryb=750,uid=497,gid=497 0 0<\/p>\n

Rozmiar ramdysku nie powinien by\u0107 zbyt ma\u0142y, poniewa\u017c amavis b\u0119dzie odrzuca\u0142 e-maile, je\u015bli limit zostanie przekroczony. 256MB jest w wi\u0119kszo\u015bci przypadk\u00f3w wystarczaj\u0105ce.<\/p>\n

Bie\u017c\u0105ce zapotrzebowanie mo\u017cna okre\u015bli\u0107 za pomoc\u0105<\/p>\n

you -hs \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

Przeprowadzi\u0107 dochodzenie. Wynik np. 11M \/var\/amavis\/tmp wskazuje, ile megabajt\u00f3w znajduje si\u0119 ju\u017c w katalogu. Nale\u017cy jednak r\u00f3wnie\u017c zauwa\u017cy\u0107, \u017ce w dniach o du\u017cej ilo\u015bci przesy\u0142ek z powodu Spam<\/a> lub du\u017cych za\u0142\u0105cznik\u00f3w do plik\u00f3w, oczywi\u015bcie potrzeba wi\u0119cej miejsca.<\/p>\n

W nag\u0142ych przypadkach mo\u017cna jednak usun\u0105\u0107 lub powi\u0119kszy\u0107 ramdisk.<\/p>\n

Teraz mo\u017cemy po prostu zamontowa\u0107 ramdisk z<\/p>\n

Mount \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

Przez<\/p>\n

df -h<\/span><\/p>\n

tmpfs 512M 0 512M 0% \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/p>\n

mo\u017cemy wtedy wykry\u0107, \u017ce nasz ramdisk jest aktywny i pusty.<\/p>\n

Od teraz obr\u00f3bka amavisa jest niezwykle szybka.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Im t\u00e4glichen Gebrauch eines Webservers fallen einige Dienste auf die mit steigenden Anfragen immer l\u00e4nger brauchen um eine Anfrage zu bearbeiten und somit den Server belasten. Ein typisches Beispiel ist die Schnittstelle zwischen Mailserver und Virusscanner: Amavis, der die eMails tempor\u00e4r speichert und wieder liest. Dies erzeugt nat\u00fcrlich bei gr\u00f6\u00dferen Anlagen einen hohen Bedarf an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[780,700,995],"tags":[172,173,117,174],"class_list":["post-4174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administration-anleitungen","category-anleitungen","category-hilfe","tag-amavis","tag-beschleunigen","tag-linux","tag-ramdisk"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ramdisk","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4986","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_aut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