{"id":4209,"date":"2020-10-30T20:09:44","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:09:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/amavis-die-schnittstelle-zwischen-mailserver-und-spam-virusschutz\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:09:44","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:09:44","slug":"ochrona-antywirusowa-amavis-the-interface-intermediate-e-mailserver-and-spam-virus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/amavis-die-schnittstelle-zwischen-mailserver-und-spam-virusschutz\/","title":{"rendered":"amavis - Interfejs pomi\u0119dzy serwerem pocztowym a spamem \/ ochron\u0105 przed wirusami"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Amavis jest skanerem antywirusowym dzia\u0142aj\u0105cym po stronie serwera, napisanym w j\u0119zyku programowania Perl i u\u017cywanym na unixowych serwerach pocztowych. Je\u017celi niechciany <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/e-mail-von-webhosting-account-trennen\/\">E-mail<\/a> Amavis automatycznie usuwa je z obiegu. Od niedawna niezawodny program blokuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c wiadomo\u015bci spamowe, kt\u00f3re w przeciwnym razie zapycha\u0142yby serwer pocztowy. To przydatne narz\u0119dzie pozwala zaoszcz\u0119dzi\u0107 sporo czasu, a opcje ustawie\u0144 pozostawiaj\u0105 wiele miejsca na indywidualn\u0105 konfiguracj\u0119 serwera pocztowego.<\/p>\n<h3>SpamAssassin niezawodnie wy\u0142\u0105cza wirusy<\/h3>\n<p>Wa\u017cn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015bci\u0105 Amavisa jest modu\u0142 SpamAssassin. Bez wzgl\u0119du na liczb\u0119 wprowadzonych odbiorc\u00f3w, ten bloker spamu sprawdza, czy wiadomo\u015b\u0107 pasuje do wst\u0119pnie ustawionej kategorii spamu, czy nie. W ten spos\u00f3b serwer pocztowy nie jest nadmiernie obci\u0105\u017cony tym zadaniem, a wszystkie przychodz\u0105ce wiadomo\u015bci s\u0105 zamiast tego efektywnie przetwarzane centralnie zgodnie z \u017cyczeniami poszczeg\u00f3lnych odbiorc\u00f3w. Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, po\u0142\u0105czenie blokera spamu i skanera antywirusowego dzia\u0142a bardzo oszcz\u0119dnie. Amavis zosta\u0142 napisany w j\u0119zyku programowania Perl, ze szczeg\u00f3lnym naciskiem na zapobieganie przepe\u0142nieniom bufora przy jednoczesnym zapewnieniu administratorom prostych opcji konserwacji. Amavis nie postrzega siebie przede wszystkim jako skanera antywirusowego, ale bardziej jako interfejs, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce by\u0107 rozszerzony o programy antywirusowe takie jak SpamAssassin, ClamAV, Kaspersky LMS lub AVG AV. W ten spos\u00f3b mo\u017cna wykry\u0107 zagro\u017cenia dla serwera pocztowego, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c dla komputer\u00f3w roboczych i zapobiega\u0107 im w minimalnym czasie. Amavis jest w stanie archiwizowa\u0107 lub poddawa\u0107 kwarantannie wiadomo\u015bci. Mog\u0105 one by\u0107 przechowywane zar\u00f3wno w skrzynce pocztowej, jak i w bazie danych SQL <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/datenbank-server\/\">Baza danych<\/a> mog\u0105 by\u0107 przekazywane. Mo\u017cliwe jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c utworzenie sygnatury DKIM za pomoc\u0105 Amavis. Ten protok\u00f3\u0142 identyfikacji zapewnia, \u017ce poczta jest uwierzytelniona. Zapobiega to spoofingowi poczty, kt\u00f3ry zawsze powoduje powa\u017cne problemy z bezpiecze\u0144stwem. Amavis obs\u0142uguje wiele r\u00f3\u017cnych ustawie\u0144 MTA. Og\u00f3lnie rzecz bior\u0105c, administrator serwera ma do dyspozycji wiele ustawie\u0144 i mo\u017ce przypisa\u0107 odbiorc\u00f3w poczty do poszczeg\u00f3lnych podgrup, kt\u00f3re z kolei dzia\u0142aj\u0105 wed\u0142ug w\u0142asnych regu\u0142. Na przyk\u0142ad, mo\u017cliwe jest otrzymywanie wiadomo\u015bci spamowych z w\u0142asnym nag\u0142\u00f3wkiem powiadomienia, kt\u00f3ry jest dostosowany do danego odbiorcy.<\/p>\n<h3>Amavis przekonuje dobrymi wynikami<\/h3>\n<p>Mimo, \u017ce Amavis zosta\u0142 napisany w j\u0119zyku programowania Perl, program nadal mo\u017ce przekona\u0107 do siebie dobr\u0105 wydajno\u015bci\u0105. Wynika to g\u0142\u00f3wnie z faktu, \u017ce du\u017ce bloki danych nie s\u0105 skanowane linia po linii, unikni\u0119to niepotrzebnego kopiowania plik\u00f3w, a programi\u015bci wykazali si\u0119 du\u017cym zmys\u0142em optymalizacyjnym. W po\u0142\u0105czeniu z wy\u017cej wymienionymi programami antywirusowymi nale\u017cy jednak zwr\u00f3ci\u0107 uwag\u0119 na to, kt\u00f3re e-maile powinny zosta\u0107 poddane dok\u0142adniejszej analizie. Zw\u0142aszcza je\u015bli wymagany identyfikator jest dost\u0119pny, mo\u017cna zdefiniowa\u0107 wyj\u0105tki, aby umo\u017cliwi\u0107 szybkie i terminowe przetwarzanie danych. Amavis jest przede wszystkim przywi\u0105zany do zdefiniowanych standard\u00f3w RFC. Niekt\u00f3re z pocz\u0105tk\u00f3w projektu si\u0119gaj\u0105 1997 roku. Wiadomo\u015bci przychodz\u0105ce s\u0105 przekazywane do Mail Transfer Agent przy u\u017cyciu dobrze znanych protoko\u0142\u00f3w SMTP i LMTP. Je\u015bli podczas przesy\u0142ania poczty wyst\u0105pi nieoczekiwane zdarzenie, natychmiast podejmowane s\u0105 dzia\u0142ania maj\u0105ce na celu zabezpieczenie wiadomo\u015bci. Dzi\u0119ki takiemu zestawowi \u015brodk\u00f3w Amavis zapobiega utracie poczty lub uniemo\u017cliwieniu odczytu wiadomo\u015bci z powodu awarii. Wiadomo\u015bci nie s\u0105 przechowywane w pami\u0119ci, co powinno zapobiec sytuacji, w kt\u00f3rej zbyt du\u017ce wiadomo\u015bci spowoduj\u0105 awari\u0119 lub powa\u017cne problemy z serwerem. Jedynym wyj\u0105tkiem jest transfer do skanera antywirusowego SpamAssassin, ale jest to spowodowane sposobem dzia\u0142ania tego skanera. Mo\u017cna temu zapobiec u\u017cywaj\u0105c <a href=\"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/administrator\/\">Administrator<\/a> ustala limit wielko\u015bci plik\u00f3w, tak aby wiadomo\u015bci powy\u017cej okre\u015blonego rozmiaru nie by\u0142y przekazywane do modu\u0142u i musia\u0142y by\u0107 poddawane odr\u0119bnej kontroli Podobnie jak w przypadku innych interfejs\u00f3w serwera poczty, niekt\u00f3rzy nadawcy mog\u0105 zosta\u0107 wpisani na czarn\u0105 lub bia\u0142\u0105 list\u0119. Oszcz\u0119dza to serwerowi pocztowemu pracy i pozwala na uporz\u0105dkowanie nadawc\u00f3w, kt\u00f3rzy w przesz\u0142o\u015bci powodowali problemy lub nie musieli by\u0107 sprawdzani. Podsumowuj\u0105c, Amavis tworzy przekonuj\u0105cy pakiet oprogramowania, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017ce by\u0107 \u0142atwo rozszerzony o dodatkowe modu\u0142y lub skanery antywirusowe i okazuje si\u0119 by\u0107 u\u017cytecznym interfejsem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bei Amavis handelt es sich um einen serverseitigen Virenscanner, der in der Programmiersprache Perl geschrieben wurde und auf Unix-Mailservern zum Einsatz kommt. Wird eine unerw\u00fcnschte E-Mail entdeckt, zieht Amavis diese automatisch aus dem Verkehr. Neuerdings werden mit der zuverl\u00e4ssigen Programm auch Spam-Nachrichten blockiert, die ansonsten den Mailserver zum\u00fcllen w\u00fcrden. Mit dem n\u00fctzlichen Tool l\u00e4sst sich 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