{"id":4254,"date":"2020-10-30T22:16:33","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:16:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4254"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:16:33","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:16:33","slug":"jezyk-znacznikow-hipertekstowych-html","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/html-hypertext-markup-language\/","title":{"rendered":"HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)"},"content":{"rendered":"

HTML jest najpowszechniej u\u017cywanym j\u0119zykiem znacznik\u00f3w w Internecie. Strony internetowe przekazuj\u0105 swoj\u0105 zawarto\u015b\u0107 w formie HTML do przegl\u0105darki, kt\u00f3ra odczytuje i realizuje sk\u0142adni\u0119. Dodatkowo HTML zawiera informacje dotycz\u0105ce stylu, formatowania lub Optymalizacja wyszukiwarek<\/a> SEO.<\/p>\n

Dlaczego HTML?<\/h2>\n

HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) to tak zwany j\u0119zyk znacznik\u00f3w, kt\u00f3ry okre\u015bla zawarto\u015b\u0107 i form\u0119 dokument\u00f3w cyfrowych. Opr\u00f3cz HTML istniej\u0105 inne j\u0119zyki znacznik\u00f3w, takie jak XML lub Ajax. J\u0119zyki znacznik\u00f3w s\u0105 stale rozwijane i aktualizowane do nowszych wersji. Pierwsza wersja HTML pojawi\u0142a si\u0119 w 1992 roku, po tym jak trzy lata wcze\u015bniej zaproponowano j\u0119zyk znacznik\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Podczas korzystania z Internetu u\u017cywa si\u0119 r\u00f3\u017cnych urz\u0105dze\u0144 wyj\u015bciowych: ekrany nie maj\u0105 jednakowych wymiar\u00f3w, a okno przegl\u0105darki mo\u017cna powi\u0119kszy\u0107 lub zmniejszy\u0107. Niemniej jednak, strona internetowa powinna zawsze wy\u015bwietla\u0107 tre\u015b\u0107 w taki spos\u00f3b, aby mo\u017cna j\u0105 by\u0142o \u0142atwo rozpozna\u0107. Z tego powodu nie jest wskazane bezwzgl\u0119dne mocowanie poszczeg\u00f3lnych element\u00f3w strony. W tym kontek\u015bcie, HTML odgrywa wa\u017cn\u0105 rol\u0119 w formatowaniu tekst\u00f3w lub w rozmieszczaniu obraz\u00f3w i plik\u00f3w wideo na stronie internetowej.<\/p>\n

M\u00f3wi\u0105c bardziej og\u00f3lnie, HTML po\u015bredniczy pomi\u0119dzy konkretn\u0105 stron\u0105 internetow\u0105 a przegl\u0105dark\u0105 internetow\u0105. J\u0119zyk zawiera znaki, znaki specjalne, formatowanie, linki, metadane i wiele wi\u0119cej. Metadane to elementy HTML, kt\u00f3rych nie wida\u0107 w normalnym widoku przegl\u0105darki. Niemniej jednak s\u0105 one niezb\u0119dne do funkcjonowania strona internetowa<\/a> i przyczyniaj\u0105 si\u0119 na przyk\u0142ad do optymalizacji wyszukiwarek.<\/p>\n

Podstawowa struktura: nawiasy klamrowe HTML<\/h3>\n

HTML korzysta z nawias\u00f3w (jak wiele j\u0119zyk\u00f3w programowania i znacznik\u00f3w) w celu uporz\u0105dkowania sk\u0142adni. Nawiasy HTML dzia\u0142aj\u0105 na tej samej zasadzie, co nawiasy w poprzednim zdaniu: nawias otwieraj\u0105cy oznacza pocz\u0105tek jednostki, natomiast nawias zamykaj\u0105cy - koniec. W przeciwie\u0144stwie do zwyk\u0142ych znak\u00f3w interpunkcyjnych, nawiasy HTML definiuj\u0105, co dok\u0142adnie dzieje si\u0119 z tekstem pomi\u0119dzy nimi.<\/p>\n

Na przyk\u0142ad, je\u015bli chcesz podkre\u015bli\u0107 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 tekstow\u0105, u\u017cyj sk\u0142adni \"text<\/u>\" (bez spacji w nawiasach kwadratowych). Je\u015bli sk\u0142adnia ta znajduje si\u0119 na stronie internetowej, przegl\u0105darka mo\u017ce j\u0105 odczyta\u0107 i automatycznie konwertuje j\u0105 na podkre\u015blone s\u0142owo.<\/p>\n

HTML jest jednak u\u017cywany nie tylko do formatowania tekstu na stronie internetowej. Zamiast tego, HTML organizuje ca\u0142y dokument.<\/p>\n

G\u0142owa i korpus dokument\u00f3w HTML<\/h3>\n

Na pocz\u0105tku wirtualny dokument okre\u015bla dla przegl\u0105darki, jakiego j\u0119zyka znacznik\u00f3w u\u017cywa. W przypadku HTML5, odbywa si\u0119 to najpierw ze specyfikacj\u0105 \"\", a nast\u0119pnie z nawiasem \"\" (r\u00f3wnie\u017c tutaj i dla wszystkich nast\u0119puj\u0105cych specyfikacji HTML: bez spacji pomi\u0119dzy nawiasami kwadratowymi). \"\" to nawias, kt\u00f3ry otwiera i zamyka si\u0119 tylko na samym ko\u0144cu dokumentu. Wa\u017cne jest, aby okre\u015bli\u0107 prawid\u0142ow\u0105 definicj\u0119 typu dokumentu. Wersje przed HTML5 u\u017cywaj\u0105 bardziej szczeg\u00f3\u0142owej definicji zamiast \"<\".<\/p>\n

Po nim nast\u0119puje nag\u0142\u00f3wek dokumentu ze sk\u0142adni\u0105 \"\". Nag\u0142\u00f3wek HTML zawiera metadane, tytu\u0142 strony, skrypty i inne komponenty. Dopiero po wszystkich specyfikacjach tytu\u0142u nawias nag\u0142\u00f3wka HTML zamyka si\u0119 znakiem \"\".<\/p>\n

Dopiero wtedy nale\u017cy napisa\u0107 tre\u015b\u0107 HTML, kt\u00f3ra jest oznaczona jako \"\". Tre\u015b\u0107 dokumentu stanowi g\u0142\u00f3wn\u0105 cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 strony internetowej. Zapewnia ona miejsce na tekst, Zdj\u0119cia<\/a>pliki wideo i inne elementy. Po w\u0142o\u017ceniu do sk\u0142adni wszystkich po\u017c\u0105danych tre\u015bci, zamknij korpus HTML za pomoc\u0105 nawiasu \"\".<\/p>\n

Cyfrowy dokument ko\u0144czy si\u0119 sk\u0142adni\u0105 \"\", kt\u00f3ra oznacza koniec tekstu HTML.<\/p>\n

Wsp\u00f3lne elementy HTML<\/h3>\n

(Sk\u0142adnia bez spacji mi\u0119dzy nawiasami kwadratowymi LUB bez spacji po \"&\"!)<\/p>\n

- Tytu\u0142: tytu\u0142 strony
\n- tekst pogrubiony: text<\/b> lub text<\/strong>
\n- tekst kursyw\u0105: text<\/em> lub text<\/i>
\n- tekst podkre\u015blony: tekst<\/u>
\n- Link: Opis linku<\/a>
\n- Nag\u0142\u00f3wek pierwszego zam\u00f3wienia:

nag\u0142\u00f3wek<\/h1>
\n- Pozycja drugiego rz\u0119du: Pozycja podrz\u0119dna<\/h2>
\n- Akapit:

Ten tekst wype\u0142nia ca\u0142y akapit.<\/p>

Jest to drugi akapit.<\/p>
\n- Na znak (@): & #64; lub & commat;
\n- Strza\u0142ka w prawo: & #8594; lub & rarr;
\n- Strza\u0142ka w lewo: & #8592; lub & larr;
\n- Strza\u0142ka w g\u00f3r\u0119: & #8593; lub & uarr;
\n- Strza\u0142ka w d\u00f3\u0142: & #8595; lub & darr
\n- Symbol serca: i #9829; albo i serca;<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

HTML verk\u00f6rpert die Auszeichnungssprache, die im Internet am weitesten verbreitet ist. Internetseiten \u00fcbermitteln ihren Inhalt in Form von HTML an Ihren Browser, der die Syntax ausliest und umsetzt. Dar\u00fcber hinaus enth\u00e4lt HTML Informationen f\u00fcr den Stil, die Formatierung oder die Suchmaschinenoptimierung (SEO). Warum HTML? HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) ist eine sogenannte Auszeichnungssprache, die Inhalt und 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