{"id":4276,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","slug":"filtr-antyspamowy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/spamfilter\/","title":{"rendered":"Filtr antyspamowy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Angielski rzeczownik \"spam\" w filtrze spamu mo\u017ce by\u0107 przet\u0142umaczony jako niemieckie s\u0142owo Abfall. Pierwotnie odnosi si\u0119 do konserw mi\u0119snych. W sektorze IT odnosi si\u0119 to do niezam\u00f3wionych wiadomo\u015bci elektronicznych, tzn. s\u0105 one dostarczane bez \u017c\u0105dania odbiorcy. Zazwyczaj zawieraj\u0105 one reklamy. Wed\u0142ug bada\u0144 przeprowadzonych przez hamburski portal statystyczny Statista, liczba spamu na \u015bwiecie w 2014 r. wynios\u0142a 28 mld. Jest to problem globalny, kt\u00f3ry jest rozwi\u0105zywany za pomoc\u0105 filtra antyspamowego; w szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci niechciane wiadomo\u015bci maj\u0105 by\u0107 sortowane przez program komputerowy. Generator takiej niechcianej poczty nazywany jest spammerem, proces ten nazywany jest spamowaniem lub spamowaniem.<\/p>\n

Obszary zastosowania filtra antyspamowego<\/h2>\n

Klasycznie, stosowanie filtra antyspamowego ogranicza\u0142o si\u0119 do sortowania niechcianych wiadomo\u015bci e-mail. W tym celu zbudowano za pomoc\u0105 algorytm\u00f3w modu\u0142y dla program\u00f3w pocztowych i serwer\u00f3w pocztowych. Jednak\u017ce, poniewa\u017c znaczenie reklamy w Internecie wzrasta\u0142o coraz bardziej w przesz\u0142o\u015bci, nowsze programy r\u00f3wnie\u017c filtruj\u0105 strony. W szczeg\u00f3lno\u015bci, filtry antyspamowe s\u0105 r\u00f3wnie\u017c stosowane w przegl\u0105darkach internetowych, wiki i blogach.<\/p>\n

Metody pracy filtra antyspamowego<\/h3>\n

Filtry antyspamowe zbieraj\u0105 informacje, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 bezpo\u015brednio zwi\u0105zane z poczt\u0105. Mo\u017ce to by\u0107 tre\u015b\u0107 samej wiadomo\u015bci, ale r\u00f3wnie\u017c w ograniczonym zakresie mo\u017cna sprawdzi\u0107, kto jest jej autorem. Ustanowiono trzy metody:
\n(a) Metoda czarnej listy<\/a>. Czarna lista to \"czarna lista\", kt\u00f3ra jest synonimem niechcianego kontaktu. Je\u015bli chodzi o tre\u015b\u0107, to taka lista zawiera pewne wyra\u017cenia i s\u0142owa kluczowe. Algorytm przeszukuje poczt\u0119 w poszukiwaniu tych s\u0142\u00f3w kluczowych; je\u015bli znajdzie takie s\u0142owa kluczowe, spowoduje to, \u017ce poczta zostanie uporz\u0105dkowana. Ta sama procedura mo\u017ce zosta\u0107 rozszerzona na nadawc\u0119. Wiele filtr\u00f3w antyspamowych, kt\u00f3re dzia\u0142aj\u0105 zgodnie z metod\u0105 czarnej listy, zawiera ju\u017c obszern\u0105 baz\u0119 danych. U\u017cytkownicy mog\u0105 rozszerza\u0107 t\u0119 baz\u0119 danych w zale\u017cno\u015bci od swoich osobistych potrzeb.<\/p>\n

\"Spamowa<\/a><\/p>\n

b) Metoda filtra Bayesa. Metoda filtru Bayesa oparta jest na teorii prawdopodobie\u0144stwa i wymaga wsp\u00f3\u0142pracy u\u017cytkownika, zw\u0142aszcza na pocz\u0105tku. Je\u015bli jest skonfigurowany poprawnie, jest lepszy od metody czarnej listy. W tym przypadku u\u017cytkownik musi zidentyfikowa\u0107 otrzymane wiadomo\u015bci jako Spam<\/a> sklasyfikowa\u0107 spam lub nie-spam. Filtr Bayesa uczy si\u0119 regu\u0142 w tle, bez \u017cadnej ingerencji w algorytmy. Po oko\u0142o 1000 samodzielnie posortowanych mailach filtr dzia\u0142a samodzielnie. Filtr bayesowski kontynuuje nauk\u0119 r\u00f3wnie\u017c w trakcie kolejnych ponownych sortowa\u0144.
\n(c) The Baza danych<\/a> rozwi\u0105zania oparte na. Zw\u0142aszcza maile reklamowe zawieraj\u0105 szereg danych, kt\u00f3re powinny prowadzi\u0107 do konkretnego kontaktu. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim adresu URL strona internetowa<\/a> i numer telefonu. Rozwi\u0105zania oparte na bazach danych wykorzystuj\u0105 algorytmy do wyszukiwania tych informacji. Je\u015bli zostan\u0105 znalezione, wiadomo\u015bci s\u0105 sortowane. Wska\u017anik powodzenia takich procedur mo\u017cna okre\u015bli\u0107 jako bardzo dobry. Chocia\u017c wiadomo\u015bci reklamowe mog\u0105 by\u0107 wielokrotnie przeprojektowywane i tym samym w nieograniczonej liczbie, pewne dane pozostaj\u0105 zawsze takie same.<\/p>\n

Wska\u017aniki b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w filtr\u00f3w antyspamowych<\/h3>\n

Spamowe wiadomo\u015bci sta\u0142y si\u0119 w przesz\u0142o\u015bci coraz bardziej wyrafinowane. W zwi\u0105zku z tym aplikacja filtruj\u0105ca spam musi ewoluowa\u0107. Wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 to z wysi\u0142kiem i kosztami, dlatego niekt\u00f3rzy dostawcy naliczaj\u0105 op\u0142aty za ka\u017cd\u0105 us\u0142ug\u0119. Ponadto, sortowanie za pomoc\u0105 program\u00f3w wi\u0105\u017ce si\u0119 z poziomem b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w, ale mo\u017cna go zredukowa\u0107 poprzez szkolenie. Fa\u0142szywe negatywne wykrycie ma miejsce wtedy, gdy spam dociera do zwyk\u0142ej skrzynki odbiorczej; fa\u0142szywe pozytywne wykrycie ma miejsce wtedy, gdy zwyk\u0142e wiadomo\u015bci s\u0105 mylone ze spamem. Podczas gdy \u015brodki optymalizacyjne zmniejszaj\u0105 wska\u017anik b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w fa\u0142szywie ujemnych do dziesi\u0119ciu do jednego procenta, fa\u0142szywie dodatnie wykrywanie ma tendencj\u0119 do zera.<\/p>\n

Znanym filtrem antyspamowym jest na przyk\u0142ad SpamAssassin<\/a>kt\u00f3ry jest u\u017cywany przez wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 dostawc\u00f3w poczty elektronicznej.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das englische Substantiv „spam“ im Spamfilter l\u00e4sst sich mit dem deutschen Wort Abfall widergeben. Urspr\u00fcnglich ist damit Dosenfleisch gemeint. Es handelt sich dabei im IT-Bereich um unerw\u00fcnschte elektronische Nachrichten; d.h. sie werden zugestellt, ohne dass es dem Wunsch des Empf\u00e4ngers entspricht. Meist beinhalten sie Werbung. Nach Recherchen des Hamburger Statistik-Portals Statista betrug die Anzahl der 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