{"id":4313,"date":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4313"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","slug":"mariadb-the-interesting-database-alternative-to-mysql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/mariadb-die-interessante-datenbank-alternative-zu-mysql\/","title":{"rendered":"MariaDB - ciekawa alternatywa bazy danych dla MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Jako wolny, relacyjny DBMS, open-source'owy system zarz\u0105dzania baz\u0105 danych MariaDB w wielu obszarach zast\u0105pi\u0142 wcze\u015bniej szeroko stosowany MySQL<\/a> Zast\u0105piony. MariaDB zosta\u0142 stworzony przez widelec z projektu MySQL. Nowa nazwa by\u0142a konieczna, poniewa\u017c Oracle posiada prawa do znaku towarowego MySQL. Projekt zosta\u0142 zainicjowany przez Ulfa Michaela Wideniusa, by\u0142ego g\u0142\u00f3wnego programist\u0119 w MySQL i tw\u00f3rc\u0119 silnika magazynuj\u0105cego Aria, kt\u00f3ry jest centralnym komponentem MariaDB. Rozw\u00f3j odbywa si\u0119 obecnie pod patronatem Korporacji MariaDB, a Fundacja MariaDB jest odpowiedzialna za utrzymanie statusu open source.<\/p>\n

MySQL i MariaDB - Nazwy i kompatybilno\u015b\u0107<\/h3>\n

Rozw\u00f3j obu system\u00f3w baz danych zosta\u0142 zainicjowany i zdecydowanie wp\u0142yn\u0105\u0142 na Ulf Michaela Wideniusa. Nazewnictwo zosta\u0142o wykonane, r\u00f3wnie\u017c dla obu baz danych, w odniesieniu do imion dw\u00f3ch c\u00f3rek Wideniusa. Najstarsza c\u00f3rka My nada\u0142a nazw\u0119 MySQL, kt\u00f3ry istnieje od 1994 roku. Od 2009 roku Widenius po\u015bwi\u0119ca si\u0119 Widelecowi MariaDB, kt\u00f3rego imi\u0119 odnosi si\u0119 do m\u0142odszej c\u00f3rki Marii. Dzisiejszy MySQL nale\u017cy do Oracle. Do czasu por\u00f3wnania MySQL z 5.5, oba systemy baz danych by\u0142y w du\u017cej mierze kompatybilne. W mi\u0119dzyczasie Oracle udost\u0119pni\u0142 MySQL Vers. 5.6, a obecna MariaDB jest dost\u0119pna w wersji Vers. 10. Tutaj ujawniaj\u0105 si\u0119 pierwsze istotne r\u00f3\u017cnice.<\/p>\n

Zalety MariaDB w por\u00f3wnaniu z MySQL<\/h3>\n

MariaDB obs\u0142uguje obecnie znacznie wi\u0119cej silnik\u00f3w ni\u017c MySQL. Silniki zawieraj\u0105 podstawowe funkcje Baza danych<\/a>Silniki s\u0105 przeznaczone do jasno okre\u015blonych zastosowa\u0144, takich jak tworzenie, odczytywanie, zmiana lub usuwanie rekord\u00f3w danych. Celem jest zapewnienie optymalnie dopasowanego silnika do ka\u017cdego obszaru zastosowania. Opr\u00f3cz w\u0142asnego silnika projektu - Aria, MariaDB obs\u0142uguje r\u00f3wnie\u017c SphinxSE, FederatedX, Spider, TokuDB, ScaleDB, ColumnStore i wiele innych. Poszczeg\u00f3lne silniki obs\u0142uguj\u0105 specjalne funkcje, takie jak transakcje, funkcje shardingowe lub masywne architektury r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142e, ale tak\u017ce wszechstronne zadania, takie jak w przypadku Connect Engine. InnoDB zosta\u0142o zast\u0105pione przez znacznie lepiej dzia\u0142aj\u0105ce xtraDB.<\/p>\n

MariaDB, w przeciwie\u0144stwie do MySQL, jest w ci\u0105g\u0142ym rozwoju, Aktualizacje<\/a> s\u0105 szybko przekazywane dalej, projekt jest ca\u0142kowicie otwarty i udokumentowany szczeg\u00f3\u0142owym trackerem b\u0142\u0119d\u00f3w. System baz danych jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c zoptymalizowany pod k\u0105tem wydajno\u015bci, oferuje baz\u0119 danych klastra do u\u017cytku komercyjnego, a migracja z innych system\u00f3w DB mo\u017ce by\u0107 w wielu przypadkach przeprowadzona w elegancki spos\u00f3b. Po migracji z MySQL do MariaDB, nie jest ju\u017c jednak mo\u017cliwy powr\u00f3t do MySQL z obecnej wersji.<\/p>\n

Bezpiecze\u0144stwo<\/h3>\n

Z wersj\u0105 10.1 MariaDB oferuje mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 szyfrowania danych na poziomie pami\u0119ci masowej. Dotyczy to kompletnych przestrzeni tabel, poszczeg\u00f3lnych tabel, a tak\u017ce r\u00f3\u017cnych plik\u00f3w dziennik\u00f3w. Dane s\u0105 szyfrowane nie tylko w plikach silnik\u00f3w, ale tak\u017ce w binarnych dziennikach, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 wa\u017cne dla replikacji. Mo\u017cliwe jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c stosowanie tzw. krocz\u0105cych kluczy szyfruj\u0105cych, przy czym wszystkie klucze maj\u0105 ograniczony okres wa\u017cno\u015bci i s\u0105 cyklicznie wymieniane na nowe.<\/p>\n

\"<\/a>Dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 i wysoka dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107<\/h3>\n

MariaDB pozwala na zarz\u0105dzanie prawami dost\u0119pu zgodnie z koncepcj\u0105 \"Role-based Access Control\". Prawa dost\u0119pu przydzielane s\u0105 nie tylko na podstawie indywidualnych u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w lub grup u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w, jak to zwykle bywa, ale tak\u017ce na podstawie zdefiniowanych r\u00f3l, jakie pe\u0142ni\u0105 pracownicy w firmie. MariaDB realizuje wysok\u0105 dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107 i skalowalno\u015b\u0107 w oparciu o rozwi\u0105zanie klastrowe Galeria od fi\u0144skiego dostawcy Codership. Do wersji 10.0 serwera MariaDB istniej\u0105 dwie wersje, z kt\u00f3rych jedna obs\u0142uguje klastry MariaDB Galeria, a druga nie. Poniewa\u017c MariaDB Server vs. 10.1, obs\u0142uga klastra Galera jest zintegrowana.<\/p>\n

Przetwarzanie r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142e i zwi\u0119kszona dost\u0119pno\u015b\u0107<\/h3>\n

MariaDB \u0142\u0105czy z obecn\u0105 technologi\u0105 relacyjnej bazy danych ColumnStore z Big Data. Silnik magazynu ColumnStore pracuje w trybie kolumnowym i w du\u017cym stopniu obs\u0142uguje r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142\u0105 dystrybucj\u0119 zapyta\u0144 o dane i r\u00f3wnoleg\u0142e obci\u0105\u017cenie. Z MaxScale MariaDB oferuje bramk\u0119 aplikacji do bazy danych. \u0141\u0105czy on aplikacje klienckie z bazami danych i ma na celu popraw\u0119 dost\u0119pno\u015bci, bezpiecze\u0144stwa i skalowalno\u015bci bazy danych przy zachowaniu tej samej aplikacji. MaxScale otrzyma\u0142a nagrod\u0119 \"Aplikacja Roku 2016\" od spo\u0142eczno\u015bci MySQL.<\/p>\n

Struktura organizacyjna i wsparcie<\/h3>\n

Byli inicjatorzy MySQL: Michael Widenius, Allan Larsson i David Axmark za\u0142o\u017cyli w grudniu 2012 roku niezale\u017cn\u0105 Fundacj\u0119 MariaDB. Jako fundacja, jej celem jest ochrona interes\u00f3w deweloper\u00f3w i u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w MariaDB oraz zapewnienie, \u017ce wolna baza danych pozostanie wolna. Dalsze cele to poprawa technologii baz danych, w tym opracowanie norm i zapewnienie interoperacyjno\u015bci z innymi systemami baz danych. Korporacja MariaDB jest g\u0142\u00f3wnym tw\u00f3rc\u0105 darmowego systemu DB. Zosta\u0142 on pierwotnie za\u0142o\u017cony pod nazw\u0105 SkySQL i przemianowany na MariaDB Corporation w pa\u017adzierniku 2014 roku. MariaDB Corporation zapewnia wsparcie, doradztwo i zdaln\u0105 administracj\u0119 dla swoich system\u00f3w bazodanowych, tak jak ma to miejsce w przypadku system\u00f3w bazodanowych innych producent\u00f3w.<\/p>\n

Akceptacja i rozpowszechnianie<\/h3>\n

Dzi\u0119ki ci\u0105g\u0142emu rozwojowi MariaDB sta\u0142 si\u0119 samodzielnym systemem zarz\u0105dzania baz\u0105 danych i zyska\u0142 znaczn\u0105 przewag\u0119 nad MySQL. Dobrze znani u\u017cytkownicy to Google, Mozilla, OpenBSD, openSUSE, Fedora i wielu innych.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das Open-Source Datenbank-Management-System MariaDB hat als freies, relationales DBMS in vielen Bereichen das bislang weit verbreitete MySQL abgel\u00f6st. Entstanden ist MariaDB durch eine Abspaltung (Fork) aus dem MySQL Projekt. Ein neuer Name war erforderlich, da Oracle an MySQL die Markenrechte h\u00e4lt. Initiiert wurde das Projekt von Ulf Michael Widenius, fr\u00fcherer Hauptentwickler bei MySQL und Entwickler 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