{"id":4319,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4319"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","slug":"xml-extensible-markup-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/xml-extensible-markup-language\/","title":{"rendered":"XML (Extensible Markup Language)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skr\u00f3t XML oznacza Extensible Markup Language (Rozszerzalny J\u0119zyk Znacznik\u00f3w), kt\u00f3ry jest u\u017cywany do reprezentacji hierarchicznie uporz\u0105dkowanych danych. Dane<\/a> w formacie pliku tekstowego. XML jest r\u00f3wnie\u017c u\u017cywany do wymiany danych pomi\u0119dzy systemami komputerowymi, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 niezale\u017cne od platform i wdro\u017ce\u0144.<\/p>\n

Charakterystyka XML<\/h3>\n

Specyfikacja XML definiuje metaj\u0119zyk, na podstawie kt\u00f3rego, z kolei, specyficzne dla aplikacji j\u0119zyki s\u0105 okre\u015blane przez ograniczenia tre\u015bciowe i strukturalne. Ograniczenia s\u0105 wyra\u017cane za pomoc\u0105 schemat\u00f3w XML lub DTD. Przyk\u0142adami j\u0119zyk\u00f3w XML s\u0105 MathML, RSS, GraphML, XAML lub GPX, jak r\u00f3wnie\u017c sam schemat XML. Dokument XML sk\u0142ada si\u0119 ze znak\u00f3w tekstowych w kodowaniu UTF-8. Mo\u017cesz przegl\u0105da\u0107 i edytowa\u0107 XML w dowolnym edytorze, kt\u00f3ry obs\u0142uguje UTF-8. Je\u017celi dokument XML ma zawiera\u0107 dane binarne, dane te musz\u0105 by\u0107 zakodowane jako tekst, dla kt\u00f3rego mo\u017cna stosowa\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne rodzaje kodowania. W odniesieniu do dokument\u00f3w XML, element ten jest uwa\u017cany za najwa\u017cniejsz\u0105 jednostk\u0119 strukturaln\u0105, z elementami zawieraj\u0105cymi zar\u00f3wno tekst, jak i inne elementy jako tre\u015b\u0107. Nazwa elementu XML mo\u017ce by\u0107 dowolnie definiowana w dokumentach XML bez DTD. W dokumentach XML z DTD nazwy element\u00f3w musz\u0105 by\u0107 wy\u015bwietlane w DTD, a element musi znajdowa\u0107 si\u0119 w pozycji, kt\u00f3ra jest dozwolona w drzewie strukturalnym. Zawarto\u015b\u0107 ka\u017cdego elementu jest zdefiniowana w DTD. Elementy te s\u0105 uznawane za no\u015bniki informacji w dokumencie XML,<\/p>\n

Historia XML<\/h3>\n

XML wynika\u0142 z faktu, \u017ce j\u0119zyk programowania HTML<\/a> osi\u0105gn\u0119\u0142a pewien punkt wyczerpania.
\nMimo \u017ce HTML osi\u0105gn\u0105\u0142 wiele, jego ograniczenia uwidoczni\u0142y si\u0119 bardzo wcze\u015bnie na pocz\u0105tku istnienia Internetu i stosunkowo szybko sta\u0142o si\u0119 jasne, \u017ce potrzebny jest j\u0119zyk, kt\u00f3ry dawa\u0142by mo\u017cliwo\u015b\u0107 uniwersalnego definiowania dowolnych znacznik\u00f3w. SGML by\u0142 d\u0142u\u017cszym, uniwersalnym j\u0119zykiem dokument\u00f3w, z kt\u00f3rego pochodzi\u0142 r\u00f3wnie\u017c HTML, ale okaza\u0142 si\u0119 zbyt skomplikowany dla sieci. Dzi\u0119ki XML opracowano bardzo lekki j\u0119zyk dokumentu, kt\u00f3ry mo\u017cna dowolnie rozszerza\u0107. XML jest u\u017cywany do definiowania w\u0142asnych znacznik\u00f3w w nieskomplikowany spos\u00f3b, przy czym wygl\u0105d jest sta\u0142y, w przeciwie\u0144stwie do znaczenia, kt\u00f3re nie jest zdefiniowane. Znacznik albo stoi samodzielnie, albo zamyka obszar, w kt\u00f3rym znacznik ma jeden lub wi\u0119cej parametr\u00f3w, albo nie ma ich wcale. Parametry otrzymuj\u0105 warto\u015bci, kt\u00f3re s\u0105 do\u0142\u0105czone i przypisane do okre\u015blonych polece\u0144. Tagi mog\u0105 by\u0107 zagnie\u017cd\u017cone wewn\u0105trz siebie, dzi\u0119ki czemu dane s\u0105 uporz\u0105dkowane hierarchicznie.<\/p>\n

\"xml\"<\/a>Zalety XML<\/h3>\n

Zasadniczo, XML mo\u017ce by\u0107 u\u017cywany do dowolnego rodzaju opisu, przechowywania lub wymiany danych. Zalety XML le\u017c\u0105 w szerokim rozpowszechnieniu i zwi\u0105zanym z tym niskim nak\u0142adzie pracy przy nauce, w popularno\u015bci i \u0142atwo\u015bci u\u017cycia. Czytelno\u015b\u0107<\/a> dla maszyny i cz\u0142owieka. W por\u00f3wnaniu do w\u0142asnego formatu binarnego, kt\u00f3ry jest zwarty, do wad nale\u017cy zaliczy\u0107 wi\u0119ksze zapotrzebowanie na pami\u0119\u0107 i czasami wolniejsze przetwarzanie. Oba te aspekty nie odgrywaj\u0105 jednak obecnie \u017cadnej roli, tak wi\u0119c zalety przewa\u017caj\u0105 nad wadami, a zatem XML m\u00f3g\u0142 si\u0119 ugruntowa\u0107 w wielu dziedzinach.<\/p>\n

R\u00f3\u017cne obszary zastosowa\u0144<\/h3>\n

Opr\u00f3cz stosowania nowych tag\u00f3w do pisania dokument\u00f3w, r\u00f3\u017cne obszary zastosowa\u0144 obejmuj\u0105
\n\u017ce z tej samej strony XML mo\u017cna wygenerowa\u0107 r\u00f3\u017cne formaty wyj\u015bciowe i \u017ce tworzenie stron internetowych mo\u017ce odbywa\u0107 si\u0119 z rozdzieleniem projektowania i programowania.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mit der Abk\u00fcrzung XML wird die Extensible Markup Language (englisch f\u00fcr „erweiterbare Auszeichnungssprache“) bezeichnet, die der Darstellung von hierarchisch strukturierten Daten in Textdatei-Format dient. XML wird zudem auch f\u00fcr den Austausch von Daten, die unabh\u00e4ngig von Plattformen und Implementierungen sind, zwischen Rechner-Systemen verwendet. Die Merkmale von XML Durch die XML-Spezifikation wird eine Metasprache definiert, auf 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