{"id":6380,"date":"2020-12-08T11:16:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=6380"},"modified":"2020-12-08T11:16:29","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:29","slug":"dark-web-study-confirmed-ethical-legal-dilemma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/pl\/dark-web-studie-bestaetigt-ethisch-rechtliches-dilemma\/","title":{"rendered":"Dark Web - Badanie potwierdza dylemat etyczno-prawny"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wysoki poziom anonimowo\u015bci ciemnej sieci, kt\u00f3ra jest dost\u0119pna za po\u015brednictwem konwencjonalnych serwer\u00f3w i hosting chmur<\/a> jest obs\u0142ugiwany, ale tylko przez Brama<\/a> chroni ludzi w dyktaturach przed prze\u015bladowaniami i cenzur\u0105. Jednocze\u015bnie jednak Dark Web jest wykorzystywany tak\u017ce przez przest\u0119pc\u00f3w, na przyk\u0142ad do handlu narkotykami i broni\u0105 oraz do wymiany pornografii dzieci\u0119cej.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Opracowanie Virginia Tech, opublikowane w PNAS<\/a> bada obecnie, kt\u00f3re z zastosowa\u0144 ciemnej paj\u0119czyny dominuje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Podobnie jak w przypadku ka\u017cdego narz\u0119dzia, kt\u00f3re mo\u017ce by\u0107 wykorzystane dla dobra lub z\u0142a, pytanie brzmi, czy korzy\u015bci przewa\u017caj\u0105 nad negatywami. Strony<\/a> ...by przewy\u017cszy\u0107.\"<\/span><\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

W\u0119z\u0142y os\u0142onowe sieci Tor obs\u0142ugiwane<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

W celu analizy ruchu, badacze obs\u0142ugiwali jeden procent w\u0119z\u0142\u00f3w stra\u017cniczych (w\u0119z\u0142\u00f3w wej\u015bcia) sieci Tor od grudnia 2018 do sierpnia 2019 roku. Pozwoli\u0142o im to na rejestrowanie, czy sie\u0107 by\u0142a wykorzystywana wy\u0142\u0105cznie do anonimowego korzystania z Internetu, czy te\u017c za jej po\u015brednictwem uzyskiwano dost\u0119p do cebulowych\/ukrytych us\u0142ug (ukrytych stron).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

To, czego u\u017cytkownicy Tor szukali w ciemnej sieci i \"normalnej\" cz\u0119\u015bci Internetu, nie by\u0142o \u015bledzone przez badaczy dzi\u0119ki anonimowo\u015bci sieci Cebula. R\u00f3wnie\u017c adresy IP<\/a> u\u017cytkownika by\u0142y tylko cz\u0119\u015bciowo przechowywane w celu identyfikacji kraju, z kt\u00f3rego pochodzi dane zapytanie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Dla cel\u00f3w naszej analizy zak\u0142adamy jednak, \u017ce klienci Toru kieruj\u0105cy si\u0119 do Onion\/Hidden Services prawdopodobnie maj\u0105 na my\u015bli g\u0142\u00f3wnie dzia\u0142ania nielegalne, takie jak odwiedzanie for\u00f3w hakerskich, stron internetowych po\u015bwi\u0119conych handlowi narkotykami lub stron z pornografi\u0105 dzieci\u0119c\u0105\".<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Zawarto\u015b\u0107 ciemnej strony internetowej prawie nieu\u017cywana<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Ekstrapolowane dane z badania pokazuj\u0105, \u017ce oko\u0142o dw\u00f3ch do 2,5 miliona ludzi korzysta z sieci Tor ka\u017cdego dnia. Du\u017ca cz\u0119\u015b\u0107 z nich u\u017cywa Tor tylko do uzyskania dost\u0119pu do normalnego Internetu anonimowo, ale nie ma dost\u0119pu do ciemnych tre\u015bci internetowych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Tylko 6.7 procent wszystkich u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w Toru w naszej pr\u00f3bie odwiedzi\u0142o strony Cebuli\/Ukrytych Us\u0142ug. Innymi s\u0142owy, tylko oko\u0142o jeden na 20 u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w Toru u\u017cywa systemu do nielegalnych cel\u00f3w w danym dniu\".<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Badanie obala zatem powszechne za\u0142o\u017cenie, \u017ce sie\u0107 Tor jest wykorzystywana g\u0142\u00f3wnie przez przest\u0119pc\u00f3w.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Nasz Dane<\/a> s\u0105 bardziej prawdopodobne, \u017ce u\u017cytkownicy Toru na og\u00f3\u0142 robi\u0105 stosunkowo legalne rzeczy z sieci\u0105 Toru, a nawet nie patrz\u0105 na tre\u015bci z Onion\/Hidden Services\".<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Wykorzystanie bramy w zale\u017cno\u015bci od formy rz\u0105d\u00f3w<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Analiza pokazuje r\u00f3wnie\u017c, \u017ce spos\u00f3b wykorzystania bramy r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 znacznie w poszczeg\u00f3lnych krajach. Ludzie w politycznie wolnych stanach cz\u0119\u015bciej u\u017cywaj\u0105 Tora do anonimowego dost\u0119pu do zwyk\u0142ego Internetu. Odsetek dost\u0119pu do ciemnych stron internetowych w Algierii, Rosji, Chinach i innych krajach, w kt\u00f3rych obowi\u0105zuje cenzura rz\u0105dowa, wynosi tylko 4,8 proc. Dla kontrastu, w krajach o liberalnych systemach i wolno\u015bci s\u0142owa, 7,8 procent wszystkich Tor\u00f3w ma dost\u0119p do ciemnych tre\u015bci w sieci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Wyniki te sugeruj\u0105, \u017ce legalne i nielegalne korzystanie z sieci Tor r\u00f3\u017cni si\u0119 znacznie w zale\u017cno\u015bci od kontekstu politycznego. Potencjalnie przest\u0119pcze wykorzystanie jest zazwyczaj skoncentrowane w wolnych re\u017cimach, podczas gdy u\u017cytkownicy z kraj\u00f3w, kt\u00f3re nie s\u0105 wolne, zazwyczaj wykorzystuj\u0105 system do cel\u00f3w politycznych i praw obywatelskich\".<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Badanie dowodzi etyczno-prawnego dylematu Dark Web<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Badacze twierdz\u0105, \u017ce badanie potwierdza etyczno-prawne dylematy ciemnej sieci. Dlatego w spo\u0142ecze\u0144stwie nale\u017cy om\u00f3wi\u0107, czy i do jakiego stopnia wady wykorzystania do cel\u00f3w przest\u0119pczych przewa\u017caj\u0105 nad zaletami anonimowego wykorzystania Internetu. Jest to szczeg\u00f3lnie problematyczne, poniewa\u017c kalkulacja koszt\u00f3w i korzy\u015bci musi obejmowa\u0107 r\u00f3wnie\u017c inne kraje o znacznie odmiennych warunkach politycznych.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozostawienie sieci Tor aktywnej i wolnej od nadzoru prawnego mo\u017ce zaszkodzi\u0107, poniewa\u017c system zach\u0119ca do handlu narkotykami, wykorzystywania dzieci i handlu broni\u0105. Wy\u0142\u0105czenie Tora zaszkodzi\u0142oby dysydentom i dzia\u0142aczom na rzecz praw cz\u0142owieka - zw\u0142aszcza w systemach represyjnych, gdzie taka technologiczna ochrona jest najbardziej potrzebna\".<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Niekt\u00f3re kraje, w tym Niemcy, planuj\u0105 obecnie specjalne ustawy jako reakcj\u0119 na przest\u0119pcze wykorzystanie ciemnej sieci, kt\u00f3re b\u0119d\u0105 mia\u0142y zastosowanie zw\u0142aszcza do Walka z rynkami przest\u0119pczymi<\/a> by pom\u00f3c. Niemcy nie chc\u0105 jednak ca\u0142kowicie zakaza\u0107 dost\u0119pu do sieci Tor.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sie\u0107 Tor jest wykorzystywana g\u0142\u00f3wnie do anonimowego korzystania z normalnego Internetu. Ciemne tre\u015bci internetowe przyci\u0105gaj\u0105 tylko mniej u\u017cytkownik\u00f3w.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[945,946],"class_list":["post-6380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-dark-web","tag-studie"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":"712","rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"712","rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":null,"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":"1","_edit_lock":"1607422589:1","_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4635","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"dark-web-study-confirms-ethical-legal-dilemma","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"tumsais-tikls-petijums-apstiprina-etisko-tiesisko-dilemmu","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_automatical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