{"id":4174,"date":"2020-10-30T19:54:59","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T18:54:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/"},"modified":"2021-07-15T13:06:06","modified_gmt":"2021-07-15T12:06:06","slug":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/ramdisk-zur-beschleunigung-erstellen\/","title":{"rendered":"Skapa en ramdiskett f\u00f6r att p\u00e5skynda Amavis p\u00e5 Linux"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vid den dagliga anv\u00e4ndningen av en webbserver m\u00e4rks det att vissa tj\u00e4nster tar allt l\u00e4ngre tid att behandla en beg\u00e4ran, vilket belastar servern.
\nEtt typiskt exempel \u00e4r gr\u00e4nssnittet mellan e-postserver och virusskanner: Amavis, som tillf\u00e4lligt lagrar e-postmeddelanden och l\u00e4ser dem igen. Detta skapar naturligtvis en stor efterfr\u00e5gan p\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till h\u00e5rddiskar eller SSD-diskar i st\u00f6rre system.
\nI det h\u00e4r fallet \u00e4r det l\u00e4mpligt att l\u00e4gga ut dessa filoperationer p\u00e5 huvudminnet f\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla en betydligt snabbare behandling.<\/p>\n

Andra exempel \u00e4r sj\u00e4lva katalogen \/tmp, d\u00e4r det i f\u00f6rekommande fall finns. php<\/a> Sessionsfiler kan sparas, eller loggfiler.<\/p>\n

N\u00e4r du sparar i RAM finns det naturligtvis alltid en risk f\u00f6r f\u00f6rlust p\u00e5 grund av ett fel i systemet eller en omstart av servern. Du b\u00f6r d\u00e4rf\u00f6r bara spara oviktiga Uppgifter<\/a> lagra d\u00e4r, eller se till att det g\u00f6rs en regelbunden s\u00e4kerhetskopiering.<\/p>\n

En RAMDISK f\u00f6r Amavis kan enkelt skapas med n\u00e5gra f\u00e5 kommandon.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att konfigurera en ramdiskett beh\u00f6ver vi katalogen d\u00e4r Amavis lagrar filerna samt anv\u00e4ndar- och grupp-ID.<\/p>\n

Det enklaste s\u00e4ttet att g\u00f6ra b\u00e5da \u00e4r att anv\u00e4nda<\/p>\n

grep 'amavis' \/etc\/passwd<\/span> <\/p>\n

L\u00e4s upp.<\/p>\n

amavis:x:497:497:Amavis e-postscanning anv\u00e4ndare:\/var\/amavis:\/bin\/sh<\/p>\n

S\u00f6kv\u00e4gen i det h\u00e4r exemplet \u00e4r \/var\/amavis. De tillf\u00e4lliga filerna lagras sedan i katalogen \/var\/amavis\/tmp. F\u00f6r denna katalog vill vi skapa en ramdiskett.<\/p>\n

UserID \u00e4r det f\u00f6rsta numret 497 f\u00f6ljt av GroupID som i detta fall ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r 497.<\/p>\n

I \/etc\/fstab skriver vi nu in f\u00f6ljande rad s\u00e5 att ramdisken ocks\u00e5 skapas efter en omstart:<\/p>\n

tmpfs \/var\/amavis\/tmp tmpfs defaults,size=256m,mode=750,uid=497,gid=497 0 0<\/p>\n

Storleken p\u00e5 ramdisketten b\u00f6r inte vara f\u00f6r liten, eftersom amavis kommer att avvisa e-postmeddelanden om gr\u00e4nsen \u00f6verskrids. 256 MB r\u00e4cker i de flesta fall.<\/p>\n

Den aktuella efterfr\u00e5gan kan ber\u00e4knas t.ex. med f\u00f6ljande<\/p>\n

du -hs \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

f\u00f6r att ta reda p\u00e5 det. Resultatet, t.ex. 11M \/var\/amavis\/tmp, visar hur m\u00e5nga megabyte som redan finns i katalogen. Det b\u00f6r dock ocks\u00e5 noteras att under dagar med stor postvolym p\u00e5 grund av Spam<\/a> eller stora bifogade filer kr\u00e4vs det naturligtvis mer utrymme.<\/p>\n

Men i n\u00f6dfall kan du alltid ta bort eller f\u00f6rstora ramdisken igen.<\/p>\n

Nu kan vi helt enkelt montera ramdisken med<\/p>\n

montera \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/span><\/p>\n

Via<\/p>\n

df -h<\/span><\/p>\n

tmpfs 512M 0 512M 0% \/var\/amavis\/tmp<\/p>\n

kan vi se att v\u00e5r ramdisk \u00e4r aktiverad och tom.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r n\u00e4rvarande \u00e4r behandlingen av amavis oerh\u00f6rt snabb.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Im t\u00e4glichen Gebrauch eines Webservers fallen einige Dienste auf die mit steigenden Anfragen immer l\u00e4nger brauchen um eine Anfrage zu bearbeiten und somit den Server belasten. Ein typisches Beispiel ist die Schnittstelle zwischen Mailserver und Virusscanner: Amavis, der die eMails tempor\u00e4r speichert und wieder liest. Dies erzeugt nat\u00fcrlich bei gr\u00f6\u00dferen Anlagen einen hohen Bedarf an […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[780,700,995],"tags":[172,173,117,174],"class_list":["post-4174","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-administration-anleitungen","category-anleitungen","category-hilfe","tag-amavis","tag-beschleunigen","tag-linux","tag-ramdisk"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":null,"rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":null,"rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":"ramdisk","_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":null,"_edit_lock":null,"_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4986","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"ramdisk-to-accelerate-create","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_aut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