{"id":4249,"date":"2020-10-30T20:12:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:12:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/firewall-2\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:12:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:12:17","slug":"brandvaegg-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/firewall-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Brandv\u00e4gg"},"content":{"rendered":"

Under beteckningen Brandv\u00e4gg<\/a> En brandv\u00e4gg \u00e4r en skyddande v\u00e4gg som skyddar datorer, gateway-servrar och tillh\u00f6rande n\u00e4tverksutrustning fr\u00e5n externa attacker. Liksom en \"brandv\u00e4gg\" fungerar brandv\u00e4ggen som en logisk testanordning som skyddar ett privat n\u00e4tverk fr\u00e5n det offentliga n\u00e4tverket. Om brandv\u00e4ggen inte fanns skulle privata datorer och n\u00e4tverk vara f\u00f6rsvarsl\u00f6sa mot de m\u00e5nga angreppen utifr\u00e5n. Brandv\u00e4ggen \u00e4r inte ett virusskyddsprogram. Dess funktion \u00e4r inte att uppt\u00e4cka attacker. Den \u00e4r snarare utformad f\u00f6r att konsekvent genomf\u00f6ra n\u00e4tverksregler f\u00f6r kommunikation. Alla inkommande datapaket granskas enligt brandv\u00e4ggsreglerna, och de oskyldiga paketen till\u00e5ts passera. Du f\u00e5r ett meddelande n\u00e4r tvivelaktiga datapaket tas emot. Du best\u00e4mmer. Med sina m\u00e5nga funktioner kan brandv\u00e4ggen utan tvekan beskrivas som en viktig modul i ett IT-s\u00e4kerhetskoncept.<\/p>\n

Brandv\u00e4gg: \u00d6vervakning enligt fastst\u00e4llda regler.<\/p>\n

Alla brandv\u00e4ggar \u00e4r i princip baserade p\u00e5 programvara som skyddar datastr\u00f6mmar mellan en dator och Internet<\/a> kontrollerad. \u00d6vervakningen baseras p\u00e5 en upps\u00e4ttning regler som skrivs in i programvaran. Brandv\u00e4ggsl\u00f6sningen f\u00f6ljer konkreta riktlinjer. P\u00e5 grundval av de lagrade reglerna beslutar brandv\u00e4ggen om ett n\u00e4tverkspaket som kommer in i samband med datatrafik ska sl\u00e4ppas igenom eller inte. Denna enkla kontroll f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker avv\u00e4rja o\u00f6nskade n\u00e4tverksinvad\u00f6rer. Dessa kontrollmekanismer kontrollerar datastr\u00f6mmen som kommer fr\u00e5n Internet och datastr\u00f6mmen som g\u00e5r till Internet. Brandv\u00e4ggen baserar denna kontrollskanning p\u00e5 de karakteristiska egenskaperna hos varje datapaket. Den inneh\u00e5ller en avs\u00e4ndaradress, en destinationsadress och information om de tj\u00e4nster som anv\u00e4nds, dvs. vilken typ av datapaket som anv\u00e4nds.
\nUnder dataskanningen kan brandv\u00e4ggen kontrollera varje \u00e5tkomstbeg\u00e4ran. Denna kontroll omfattar analysen, dvs. fastst\u00e4llandet av den beg\u00e4rande tj\u00e4nstens identitet. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lls att den som beg\u00e4r tj\u00e4nsten har ett registrerat dom\u00e4nnamn och d\u00e4rmed en lagrad Internetadress. Ett annat f\u00f6rfarande f\u00f6r brandv\u00e4ggskontroll best\u00e5r av en fullst\u00e4ndig kontroll av det inkommande datapaketet i samband med en dubbelkontroll av s\u00e5dana koder som finns med i en lagrad \"svart lista\".
\nBrandv\u00e4ggens funktionalitet kan sammanfattas som ett filter f\u00f6r datapaket. Brandv\u00e4ggen skyddar dig och din dator genom att visa vad som skickas och tas emot p\u00e5 din Internetanslutning. Om brandv\u00e4ggen identifierar problematiska datapaket skickas ett meddelande. Du avg\u00f6r om Uppgifter<\/a> kan passera genom din brandv\u00e4gg eller inte.
\nOm det finns ett behov av att uppt\u00e4cka attacker ut\u00f6ver brandv\u00e4ggens paketfilterfunktion anv\u00e4nds ytterligare IDS-moduler (IDS = Intrusion Detection System). IDS kan komplettera brandv\u00e4ggen, men det kan ocks\u00e5 finnas direkt p\u00e5 den dator som ska \u00f6vervakas och ge \u00f6kad n\u00e4tverkss\u00e4kerhet d\u00e4rifr\u00e5n.<\/p>\n

Tv\u00e5 brandv\u00e4ggsmodeller: skrivbord och n\u00e4tverk<\/p>\n

Det finns tv\u00e5 brandv\u00e4ggsmodeller p\u00e5 marknaden f\u00f6r informationsteknik (IT). Den mer komplexa brandv\u00e4ggsl\u00f6sningen finns i n\u00e4tverk, t.ex. i ett f\u00f6retagsn\u00e4tverk. D\u00e4r tar en separat dator, som \u00e4r ansluten mellan datorerna och Internet via routern, \u00f6ver brandv\u00e4ggsuppgifterna f\u00f6r alla datorarbetsstationer som \u00e4r anslutna till n\u00e4tverket. En proxyserver (proxy = representant) \u00e4r vanligtvis redan integrerad i en brandv\u00e4gg. Proxyservern tar \u00f6ver kommunikationen till m\u00e5lsystemet och s\u00e4kerst\u00e4ller p\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt den \u00f6nskade anonymiteten i detta fall. Denna h\u00e5rdvarul\u00f6sning f\u00f6r brandv\u00e4ggar \u00e4r kostnadseffektiv i ett n\u00e4tverk. <\/p>\n

P\u00e5 hemmakontoret \u00e4r den mjukvarul\u00f6sning som finns tillg\u00e4nglig som ett alternativ till h\u00e5rdvarubrandv\u00e4ggen f\u00f6r den station\u00e4ra datorn - PC:n - m\u00e5ttet p\u00e5 allt. I Windows-operativsystem ing\u00e5r brandv\u00e4ggen i standardleveransen. F\u00f6r att s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla skyddet m\u00e5ste brandv\u00e4ggen vara aktiverad i s\u00e4kerhetsinst\u00e4llningarna. Via anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnittet kan s\u00e4kerhetskriterierna och deras tr\u00f6skelv\u00e4rden definieras p\u00e5 ett anv\u00e4ndarorienterat s\u00e4tt och visas i ett grafiskt anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnitt. <\/p>\n

Brandv\u00e4gg - en n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndig s\u00e4kerhetsmodul<\/p>\n

Slutsats: Brandv\u00e4ggsl\u00f6sningar \u00e4r en element\u00e4r del av ett IT-s\u00e4kerhetskoncept. Funktionaliteten omfattar rapporter och protokoll samt utl\u00f6sta larm baserade p\u00e5 logiska testkriterier, som intr\u00e4ffar automatiskt n\u00e4r fritt definierbara tr\u00f6skelv\u00e4rden uppn\u00e5s. Gr\u00e4nssnittet mellan dig som operat\u00f6r och brandv\u00e4ggen \u00e4r ett grafiskt anv\u00e4ndargr\u00e4nssnitt.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Unter der Bezeichnung Firewall versteht man einen Schutzwall, der Computer, Gateway-Server und dazu geh\u00f6rende Netzwerk-Einrichtungen vor externen Angriffen sch\u00fctzen soll. Wie eine „Brandschutzmauer“ (engl.: firewall) fungiert die Firewall als logische Pr\u00fcfeinrichtung die ein privates Netz vor dem \u00f6ffentlichen Netz sch\u00fctzt. W\u00e4re die Firewall nicht existent, so w\u00e4ren private Computer und Netzwerke den vielf\u00e4ltigen Attacken von 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