{"id":4276,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4276"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:34","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:34","slug":"spamfilter","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/spamfilter\/","title":{"rendered":"Spamfilter"},"content":{"rendered":"

Det engelska substantivet \"spam\" i spamfilter kan \u00e5terges med det tyska ordet Abfall. Ursprungligen betyder det konserverat k\u00f6tt. Inom IT-sektorn avses o\u00f6nskade elektroniska meddelanden, dvs. meddelanden som levereras utan att mottagaren vill det. Oftast inneh\u00e5ller de reklam. Enligt en unders\u00f6kning av den Hamburgbaserade statistikportalen Statista uppgick antalet skr\u00e4ppostmeddelanden i v\u00e4rlden till 28 miljarder \u00e5r 2014. Det \u00e4r ett globalt problem som l\u00f6ses med hj\u00e4lp av ett skr\u00e4ppostfilter, det vill s\u00e4ga att o\u00f6nskade meddelanden sorteras bort av ett datorprogram. Den som skickar s\u00e5dan o\u00f6nskad e-post kallas spammer, och processen kallas spamming eller spamming.<\/p>\n

Anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den f\u00f6r ett skr\u00e4ppostfilter<\/h2>\n

Klassiskt sett var anv\u00e4ndningen av ett skr\u00e4ppostfilter begr\u00e4nsad till att sortera bort o\u00f6nskad e-post. F\u00f6r detta \u00e4ndam\u00e5l konstruerades moduler f\u00f6r e-postprogram och e-postservrar med hj\u00e4lp av algoritmer. Men eftersom reklam p\u00e5 Internet har blivit allt viktigare tidigare har nyare program ocks\u00e5 filtrerat sidor. Spamfilter anv\u00e4nds ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r webbl\u00e4sare, wikis och bloggar.<\/p>\n

Arbetsmetoder f\u00f6r ett skr\u00e4ppostfilter<\/h3>\n

Spamfilter tar upp information som \u00e4r direkt relaterad till ett e-postmeddelande. \u00c5 ena sidan kan det handla om inneh\u00e5llet i sj\u00e4lva e-postmeddelandet, men det \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 m\u00f6jligt att i begr\u00e4nsad utstr\u00e4ckning kontrollera vem som \u00e4r avs\u00e4ndare av ett meddelande. Tre metoder har etablerat sig:
\na) Metod f\u00f6r svartlista<\/a>. En svart lista \u00e4r en \"svart lista\" som \u00e4r en synonym f\u00f6r en o\u00f6nskad kontakt. Inneh\u00e5llsm\u00e4ssigt inneh\u00e5ller en s\u00e5dan lista vissa uttryck och nyckelord. En algoritm s\u00f6ker efter dessa nyckelord i ett mail och om den hittar n\u00e5gra sorteras mailet bort. Samma f\u00f6rfarande kan ocks\u00e5 till\u00e4mpas p\u00e5 avs\u00e4ndaren. M\u00e5nga skr\u00e4ppostfilter som arbetar enligt svartlistmetoden har redan en omfattande databas. Anv\u00e4ndarna kan ut\u00f6ka detta delvis enligt sina personliga behov.<\/p>\n

\"Kuvert<\/a><\/p>\n

b) Bayes-filtermetoden. Bayes-filtermetoden bygger p\u00e5 sannolikhetsteori och kr\u00e4ver att anv\u00e4ndaren samarbetar, s\u00e4rskilt i b\u00f6rjan. Om den \u00e4r korrekt utformad \u00e4r den \u00f6verl\u00e4gsen den svarta listan. I detta fall m\u00e5ste anv\u00e4ndaren identifiera mottagna e-postmeddelanden som Spam<\/a> klassificera skr\u00e4ppost och icke-spam. Det Bayesianska filtret l\u00e4r sig reglerna i bakgrunden utan att algoritmerna beh\u00f6ver ingripa. Efter cirka 1 000 sj\u00e4lvsorterade e-postmeddelanden fungerar filtret sj\u00e4lvst\u00e4ndigt. Det Bayesianska filtret forts\u00e4tter ocks\u00e5 att l\u00e4ra sig under efterf\u00f6ljande omsortering.
\nc) Den Databas<\/a> l\u00f6sningar som \u00e4r baserade p\u00e5 en viss typ av information. S\u00e4rskilt reklammejl inneh\u00e5ller en rad uppgifter som b\u00f6r leda till en konkret kontakt. Detta g\u00e4ller framf\u00f6r allt URL:en f\u00f6r en Webbplats<\/a> och telefonnumret. Databaserade l\u00f6sningar anv\u00e4nder algoritmer f\u00f6r att s\u00f6ka efter denna information. Om de hittas sorteras posterna. Dessa metoder har mycket goda resultat. Du kan visserligen omarbeta reklamutskick om och om igen och d\u00e4rmed i obegr\u00e4nsat antal, men vissa uppgifter f\u00f6rblir alltid desamma.<\/p>\n

felprocent f\u00f6r skr\u00e4ppostfilter<\/h3>\n

Spammejl har blivit allt mer sofistikerade under de senaste \u00e5ren. D\u00e4rf\u00f6r m\u00e5ste skr\u00e4ppostfilterapplikationen forts\u00e4tta att utvecklas. Detta \u00e4r f\u00f6rknippat med arbete och kostnader, vilket \u00e4r anledningen till att vissa leverant\u00f6rer tar betalt f\u00f6r en eventuell tj\u00e4nst. Dessutom \u00e4r sortering med hj\u00e4lp av program f\u00f6rknippad med en felprocent som dock kan minskas genom utbildning. Falskt negativ uppt\u00e4ckt \u00e4r n\u00e4r skr\u00e4ppost hamnar i den vanliga inkorgen, medan falskt positiv uppt\u00e4ckt \u00e4r n\u00e4r normala e-postmeddelanden misstas f\u00f6r skr\u00e4ppost. Medan optimerings\u00e5tg\u00e4rderna minskar felprocenten f\u00f6r falskt negativ identifiering till tio till en procent, tenderar falskt positiv klassificering mot noll.<\/p>\n

Ett v\u00e4lk\u00e4nt skr\u00e4ppostfilter \u00e4r till exempel SpamAssassin<\/a>som anv\u00e4nds av de flesta e-postleverant\u00f6rer.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das englische Substantiv „spam“ im Spamfilter l\u00e4sst sich mit dem deutschen Wort Abfall widergeben. Urspr\u00fcnglich ist damit Dosenfleisch gemeint. Es handelt sich dabei im IT-Bereich um unerw\u00fcnschte elektronische Nachrichten; d.h. sie werden zugestellt, ohne dass es dem Wunsch des Empf\u00e4ngers entspricht. Meist beinhalten sie Werbung. Nach Recherchen des Hamburger Statistik-Portals Statista betrug die Anzahl der 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