{"id":4313,"date":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4313"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:54:57","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:54:57","slug":"mariadb-the-intressant-databas-alternativ-till-mysql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/mariadb-die-interessante-datenbank-alternative-zu-mysql\/","title":{"rendered":"MariaDB - det intressanta databasalternativet till MySQL"},"content":{"rendered":"

Som ett fritt, relationellt DBMS har det \u00f6ppna databashanteringssystemet MariaDB p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga omr\u00e5den ersatt det tidigare allm\u00e4nt anv\u00e4nda MySQL<\/a> ersatt. MariaDB skapades genom en avknoppning av MySQL-projektet. Ett nytt namn var n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt eftersom Oracle har varum\u00e4rkesr\u00e4ttigheterna till MySQL. Projektet initierades av Ulf Michael Widenius, tidigare huvudutvecklare p\u00e5 MySQL och utvecklare av lagringsmotorn Aria, som \u00e4r den centrala komponenten i MariaDB. Under tiden sker utvecklingen under MariaDB Corporation:s beskydd och MariaDB Foundation ser till att statusen som \u00f6ppen k\u00e4llkod bibeh\u00e5lls.<\/p>\n

MySQL och MariaDB - namngivning och kompatibilitet<\/h3>\n

Utvecklingen av b\u00e5da databassystemen initierades och formades p\u00e5 ett avg\u00f6rande s\u00e4tt av Ulf Michael Widenius. Namnet valdes, \u00e4ven f\u00f6r b\u00e5da databaserna, med h\u00e4nvisning till f\u00f6rnamnen p\u00e5 Widenius tv\u00e5 d\u00f6ttrar. Den \u00e4ldsta dottern My gav namnet till MySQL, som har funnits sedan 1994. Sedan 2009 har Widenius \u00e4gnat sig \u00e5t gaffeln MariaDB, vars namn syftar p\u00e5 den yngre dottern Maria. Idag tillh\u00f6r MySQL Oracle. Fram till MySQL Vers. 5.5 var de b\u00e5da databassystemen i stort sett kompatibla. Under tiden har Oracle sl\u00e4ppt MySQL Vers. 5.6 och den nuvarande MariaDB finns i Vers. 10. H\u00e4r blir de f\u00f6rsta relevanta skillnaderna uppenbara.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6rdelar med MariaDB j\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med MySQL<\/h3>\n

MariaDB st\u00f6der nu betydligt fler motorer \u00e4n MySQL. Motorerna inneh\u00e5ller de grundl\u00e4ggande funktionerna f\u00f6r Databas<\/a>Motorerna \u00e4r utformade f\u00f6r tydligt definierade till\u00e4mpningar, t.ex. skapande, l\u00e4sning, \u00e4ndring eller radering av dataposter. M\u00e5let \u00e4r att tillhandah\u00e5lla en optimalt anpassad motor f\u00f6r varje anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5de. F\u00f6rutom projektets egen motor Aria st\u00f6der MariaDB \u00e4ven SphinxSE, FederatedX, Spider, TokuDB, ScaleDB, ColumnStore och m\u00e5nga fler. Respektive motor st\u00f6der specialfunktioner som transaktioner, sharding-funktioner eller massiva parallella arkitekturer, men \u00e4ven allsidiga uppgifter som Connect Engine. InnoDB ersattes av xtraDB, som har mycket b\u00e4ttre prestanda.<\/p>\n

Till skillnad fr\u00e5n MySQL utvecklas MariaDB kontinuerligt, Uppdateringar<\/a> Projektet \u00e4r helt \u00f6ppet och dokumenterat med bland annat en detaljerad felrapportering. Databassystemet \u00e4r ocks\u00e5 optimerat f\u00f6r prestanda, erbjuder en klusterdatabas f\u00f6r kommersiell anv\u00e4ndning och en \u00f6verg\u00e5ng fr\u00e5n andra databassystem kan i m\u00e5nga fall genomf\u00f6ras p\u00e5 ett elegant s\u00e4tt. Efter en migrering fr\u00e5n MySQL till MariaDB \u00e4r det dock inte l\u00e4ngre m\u00f6jligt att \u00e5terg\u00e5 till MySQL fr\u00e5n den aktuella versionen.<\/p>\n

S\u00e4kerhet<\/h3>\n

Med version 10.1 erbjuder MariaDB m\u00f6jligheten att kryptera data p\u00e5 lagringsniv\u00e5. Detta g\u00e4ller f\u00f6r hela tabellutrymmen, enskilda tabeller och \u00e4ven f\u00f6r olika loggfiler. Uppgifterna \u00e4r inte bara krypterade i motorfilerna utan \u00e4ven i de bin\u00e4ra loggarna, som \u00e4r viktiga f\u00f6r replikering. Dessutom \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att anv\u00e4nda s\u00e5 kallade rullande krypteringsnycklar, varvid alla nycklar endast har en begr\u00e4nsad giltighetstid och cykliskt ers\u00e4tts med nya nycklar.<\/p>\n

\"<\/a>Tillg\u00e4nglighet och h\u00f6g tillg\u00e4nglighet<\/h3>\n

MariaDB g\u00f6r det m\u00f6jligt att administrera \u00e5tkomstr\u00e4ttigheter enligt konceptet \"Rollbaserad \u00e5tkomstkontroll\". \u00c5tkomstr\u00e4ttigheter tilldelas inte bara p\u00e5 grundval av enskilda anv\u00e4ndare eller anv\u00e4ndargrupper, vilket traditionellt sett \u00e4r fallet, utan ocks\u00e5 p\u00e5 grundval av definierade roller som de anst\u00e4llda i f\u00f6retaget har. H\u00f6g tillg\u00e4nglighet och skalbarhet uppn\u00e5s av MariaDB med hj\u00e4lp av klusterl\u00f6sningen Galeria fr\u00e5n den finska leverant\u00f6ren Codership. Fram till version 10.0 av MariaDB-servern finns det tv\u00e5 versioner, varav den ena st\u00f6der MariaDB Galera-kluster och den andra inte. Sedan MariaDB Server Vers. 10.1 har st\u00f6d f\u00f6r Galera-kluster integrerats.<\/p>\n

Parallell bearbetning och f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttrad tillg\u00e4nglighet<\/h3>\n

MariaDB kombinerar relationell databasteknik med Big Data med den nuvarande ColumnStore. ColumnStore-lagringsmotorn \u00e4r kolumnorienterad och st\u00f6der i h\u00f6g grad parallell fr\u00e5gedistribution och parallell laddning. Med MaxScale erbjuder MariaDB en gateway fr\u00e5n applikation till databas. Den ansluter klientprogram till databaser och \u00e4r utformad f\u00f6r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra databasens tillg\u00e4nglighet, s\u00e4kerhet och skalbarhet samtidigt som programmet f\u00f6rblir of\u00f6r\u00e4ndrat. MaxScale fick utm\u00e4rkelsen \"Application of the Year 2016\" av MySQL Community 2016.<\/p>\n

Organisatorisk struktur och st\u00f6d<\/h3>\n

De tidigare MySQL-initiativtagarna Michael Widenius, Allan Larsson och David Axmark grundade den oberoende MariaDB Foundation i december 2012. Syftet med stiftelsen \u00e4r att skydda MariaDB-utvecklarnas och MariaDB-anv\u00e4ndarnas intressen och se till att den kostnadsfria databasen f\u00f6rblir kostnadsfri. Ytterligare m\u00e5l \u00e4r att f\u00f6rb\u00e4ttra databastekniken, bland annat genom att utveckla standarder och s\u00e4kerst\u00e4lla driftskompatibilitet med andra databassystem. MariaDB Corporation \u00e4r den huvudsakliga utvecklaren av det fria databassystemet. F\u00f6retaget grundades ursprungligen under namnet SkySQL och bytte namn till MariaDB Corporation i oktober 2014. MariaDB Corporation erbjuder support, r\u00e5dgivning och fj\u00e4rradministration f\u00f6r sina databassystem, vilket \u00e4r vanligt f\u00f6r databassystem fr\u00e5n andra tillverkare.<\/p>\n

Acceptans och spridning<\/h3>\n

MariaDB har genom kontinuerlig utveckling blivit ett eget databashanteringssystem och har f\u00e5tt ett klart f\u00f6rspr\u00e5ng framf\u00f6r MySQL. V\u00e4lk\u00e4nda anv\u00e4ndare \u00e4r Google, Mozilla, OpenBSD, openSUSE, Fedora och m\u00e5nga andra.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Das Open-Source Datenbank-Management-System MariaDB hat als freies, relationales DBMS in vielen Bereichen das bislang weit verbreitete MySQL abgel\u00f6st. Entstanden ist MariaDB durch eine Abspaltung (Fork) aus dem MySQL Projekt. Ein neuer Name war erforderlich, da Oracle an MySQL die Markenrechte h\u00e4lt. Initiiert wurde das Projekt von Ulf Michael Widenius, fr\u00fcherer Hauptentwickler bei MySQL und Entwickler 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