{"id":4315,"date":"2020-10-30T20:42:42","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:42:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/ruby\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:42:42","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:42:42","slug":"ruby","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/ruby\/","title":{"rendered":"Ruby"},"content":{"rendered":"

Ruby \u00e4r ett objektorienterat programmeringsspr\u00e5k som kom 1995 och som sedan 2000 \u00e4ven har en engelsk dokumentation. Enligt den s.k. Duck Typing-principen f\u00f6r programmering st\u00e5r ett objekts metoder i f\u00f6rgrunden. J\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med andra programmeringsspr\u00e5k spelar objektets klass en underordnad roll i Ruby.<\/p>\n

Rubys f\u00f6rsta steg i datavetenskapens v\u00e4rld<\/h3>\n

Programmeringsspr\u00e5ket Ruby d\u00f6k upp 1995 och utvecklades av Yukihiro Matsumoto, som \u00e4r utbildad datavetare, fr\u00e5n 1993 och fram\u00e5t. Ruby \u00e4r oberoende av operativsystem (plattformsoberoende), men fanns ursprungligen enbart p\u00e5 japanska.<\/p>\n

I Japan var programmeringsspr\u00e5ket mycket popul\u00e4rt och vann \u00f6ver m\u00e5nga konkurrenter. Med tiden kom implementeringar som JRuby, Rubinius och CRuby (YARV), av vilka CRuby \u00e4r den vanligaste totalt sett - men dess anv\u00e4ndning spreds inte till en b\u00f6rjan i Europa p\u00e5 grund av spr\u00e5kbarri\u00e4ren. Det dr\u00f6jde fem \u00e5r efter att Ruby sl\u00e4pptes innan intresserade anv\u00e4ndare hittades utanf\u00f6r Japan, eftersom det b\u00f6rjade finnas dokumentation av programmeringsspr\u00e5ket p\u00e5 engelska. Fr\u00e5n och med detta skapades ytterligare handb\u00f6cker och referensverk f\u00f6r Ruby.<\/p>\n

\u00c4ven om Ruby utvecklades med avsikt att vara intuitivt, var det n\u00f6dv\u00e4ndigt med ytterligare litteratur. Om du vill g\u00e5 mer i detalj in p\u00e5 Ruby \u00e4r motsvarande publikationer mycket anv\u00e4ndbara. Dessutom kan du numera hitta m\u00e5nga handledningar p\u00e5 Internet som steg f\u00f6r steg f\u00f6rklarar hur du anv\u00e4nder programmeringsspr\u00e5ket.<\/p>\n

Yukihiro Matsumoto uppgav att hans motiv f\u00f6r att utveckla ett eget programmeringsspr\u00e5k var att han inte var n\u00f6jd med de alternativ som hittills funnits tillg\u00e4ngliga f\u00f6r honom. Under den tv\u00e5\u00e5riga utvecklingsfasen av Ruby v\u00e4gleddes han d\u00e4rf\u00f6r fr\u00e4mst av sina egna id\u00e9er och intressen inom datavetenskap. Ruby \u00e4r till stor del objektorienterat, men programmeringsspr\u00e5ket inneh\u00e5ller \u00e4ven andra m\u00f6jligheter.<\/p>\n

Namnet \"Ruby\" \u00e4r en h\u00e4nvisning till ett annat programmeringsspr\u00e5k som ocks\u00e5 \u00e4r uppkallat efter en \u00e4delsten: Perl. Men ocks\u00e5 JavaScript<\/a>Python och andra v\u00e4lk\u00e4nda programmeringsspr\u00e5k p\u00e5verkade Yukihiro Matsumoto i hans arbete.<\/p>\n

\"Plesk<\/a>Villkor<\/h3>\n

Rubys paketeringssystem kallas RubyGems och hanterar de olika programmen.<\/p>\n

F\u00f6r att kunna arbeta med Ruby beh\u00f6ver du en l\u00e4mplig arbetsmilj\u00f6. Milj\u00f6n tillhandah\u00e5lls av kommandoradstolken (CLI), som \u00e4r anpassad till ett visst programmeringsspr\u00e5k. Tillsammans med tolken f\u00f6r Ruby f\u00e5r du Interactive Ruby, eller kort sagt irb. Syftet med irb \u00e4r att ge dig ett s\u00e4tt att testa det program du har skrivit. Du anv\u00e4nder det med hj\u00e4lp av kommandot \"irb(main)\".<\/p>\n

RDoc \u00e4r ett verktyg som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r programvarudokumentation. En av dess viktigaste uppgifter \u00e4r att beskriva programmets k\u00e4llkod. I samband med RDoc b\u00f6r \u00e4ven Ruby Index (ri) n\u00e4mnas: Det h\u00e4r verktyget hj\u00e4lper dig att Databas<\/a> som RDoc skapar.<\/p>\n

B\u00e5de RubyGems (\"gem\") och Ruby Index (\"ri\") kan n\u00e5s med l\u00e4mpliga kommandon fr\u00e5n kommandoraden.<\/p>\n

Syntax i Ruby: n\u00e5gra exempel<\/h3>\n

I Ruby \u00e4r det m\u00f6jligt att anv\u00e4nda block. Dessa kan till exempel ers\u00e4tta for-slingor. Du kan ocks\u00e5 kalla ett s\u00e5dant block flera g\u00e5nger. Programmet upprepar sedan avsnittet eller blocket s\u00e5 ofta som du har angett - till exempel fem g\u00e5nger f\u00f6r elementet \"5.times\". Den operation som programmet ska utf\u00f6ra anges mellan tv\u00e5 parenteser.<\/p>\n

Precis som i andra programmeringsspr\u00e5k kr\u00e4ver Ruby en deklaration av procedurer. Detta sker vanligtvis i b\u00f6rjan av programmet. F\u00f6r att p\u00e5b\u00f6rja deklarationen anv\u00e4nder du det v\u00e4lbekanta kommandot \"def\" och f\u00f6r att avsluta den anger du ett \"end\".<\/p>\n

Ruby f\u00f6ljer principen Duck Typing, som bygger p\u00e5 ett ordspr\u00e5k av James Whitcomb Riley: \"Om jag ser en f\u00e5gel som g\u00e5r som en anka, simmar som en anka och kvackar som en anka, kallar jag den f\u00e5geln f\u00f6r en anka.\" Duck typing \u00e4r t\u00e4nkt att g\u00f6ra programmeringen mer flexibel. P\u00e5 tyska kallas detta begrepp ocks\u00e5 Ententest. F\u00f6rfarandet \u00e4r inte begr\u00e4nsat till Ruby, utan kan ocks\u00e5 hittas i t.ex. PHP<\/a> och Python-applikation.<\/p>\n

Du kan markera slutet p\u00e5 ett kommando i Ruby med ett semikolon - eller s\u00e5 kan du helt enkelt skriva en ny rad (utan semikolon).<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Ruby repr\u00e4sentiert eine objektorientierte Programmiersprache, die 1995 erschien und sei 2000 auch eine englische Dokumentation entspricht. Entsprechend des sogenannten Duck Typings der Programmierung stehen die Methoden eines Objekts im Vordergrund. Im Vergleich zu anderen Programmiersprachen spielt die Klasse des Objekts bei Ruby hingegen eher eine untergeordnete Rolle. Rubys erste Schritte in der Welt der Informatik 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