{"id":4319,"date":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4319"},"modified":"2020-10-30T22:02:17","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T21:02:17","slug":"xml-extensible-markup-language","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/xml-extensible-markup-language\/","title":{"rendered":"XML (Extensible Markup Language)"},"content":{"rendered":"

F\u00f6rkortningen XML st\u00e5r f\u00f6r Extensible Markup Language, som anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att representera hierarkiskt strukturerade data. Uppgifter<\/a> i textfilformat. XML anv\u00e4nds ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r utbyte av data mellan datorsystem, som \u00e4r oberoende av plattformar och implementeringar.<\/p>\n

Funktionerna i XML<\/h3>\n

I XML-specifikationen definieras ett metaspr\u00e5k, p\u00e5 vars grund till\u00e4mpningsspecifika spr\u00e5k best\u00e4ms av inneh\u00e5lls- och strukturella begr\u00e4nsningar. Begr\u00e4nsningarna uttrycks genom XML- eller DTD-scheman. Exempel p\u00e5 XML-spr\u00e5k \u00e4r MathML, RSS, GraphML, XAML eller GPX, samt sj\u00e4lva XML-schemat. Ett XML-dokument best\u00e5r av texttecken i UTF-8-kodningen. Det \u00e4r m\u00f6jligt att visa och redigera XML i alla editorer som st\u00f6der UTF-8. Om ett XML-dokument ska inneh\u00e5lla bin\u00e4ra data m\u00e5ste dessa data kodas som text, f\u00f6r vilket olika kodningstyper kan anv\u00e4ndas. N\u00e4r det g\u00e4ller XML-dokument anses elementet vara den viktigaste strukturella enheten, och element inneh\u00e5ller b\u00e5de text och andra element som inneh\u00e5ll. Namnet p\u00e5 ett XML-element kan best\u00e4mmas fritt i XML-dokument utan DTD. I XML-dokument med DTD m\u00e5ste elementnamnen anges i DTD:n och elementet m\u00e5ste vara p\u00e5 en plats som \u00e4r till\u00e5ten i strukturtr\u00e4det. Inneh\u00e5llet i varje element definieras i DTD. Elementen betraktas som informationsb\u00e4rare i ett XML-dokument,<\/p>\n

XML:s historia<\/h3>\n

XML uppstod p\u00e5 grund av att programmeringsspr\u00e5ket HTML<\/a> har n\u00e5tt sina gr\u00e4nser vid en viss tidpunkt.
\n\u00c4ven om HTML har \u00e5stadkommit mycket, blev dess begr\u00e4nsningar uppenbara mycket tidigt i b\u00f6rjan av Internet och det stod relativt snabbt klart att det beh\u00f6vdes ett spr\u00e5k som gav m\u00f6jlighet att universellt definiera alla taggar. Med SGML fanns ett l\u00e4ngre, universellt dokumentspr\u00e5k, som \u00e4ven HTML h\u00e4rstammade fr\u00e5n, men det visade sig vara f\u00f6r komplicerat f\u00f6r webben. Med XML utvecklades ett mycket l\u00e4tt dokumentspr\u00e5k som \u00e4r godtyckligt utbyggbart. XML anv\u00e4nds f\u00f6r att definiera egna taggar p\u00e5 ett okomplicerat s\u00e4tt, varvid utseendet \u00e4r best\u00e4mt i motsats till betydelsen, som inte \u00e4r definierad. En tagg \u00e4r antingen frist\u00e5ende eller omsluter ett omr\u00e5de. Taggar har en eller flera parametrar eller ingen alls. Parametrar ges v\u00e4rden som omsluts och tilldelas specifika kommandon. Taggarna kan vara inb\u00e4ddade i varandra och uppgifterna kan p\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt struktureras hierarkiskt.<\/p>\n

\"xml\"<\/a>F\u00f6rdelarna med XML<\/h3>\n

I princip kan XML anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r alla typer av beskrivningar, lagring eller utbyte av data. F\u00f6rdelarna med XML ligger i dess utbredda anv\u00e4ndning och den d\u00e4rmed sammanh\u00e4ngande l\u00e5ga inl\u00e4rningsinsatsen, i dess popularitet och den l\u00e4tthet med vilken den kan anv\u00e4ndas. L\u00e4sbarhet<\/a> f\u00f6r maskiner och m\u00e4nniskor. J\u00e4mf\u00f6rt med det egna bin\u00e4ra formatet, som \u00e4r kompakt, \u00e4r nackdelarna det st\u00f6rre minnesbehovet och den ibland l\u00e5ngsammare bearbetningen. B\u00e5da aspekterna spelar dock knappast n\u00e5gon roll i dag, vilket inneb\u00e4r att f\u00f6rdelarna \u00f6verv\u00e4ger nackdelarna och att XML har kunnat etablera sig p\u00e5 m\u00e5nga omr\u00e5den.<\/p>\n

Olika till\u00e4mpningsomr\u00e5den<\/h3>\n

F\u00f6rutom anv\u00e4ndningen av nya taggar f\u00f6r att skriva dokument finns ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6ljande till\u00e4mpningsomr\u00e5den
\natt olika utdataformat kan genereras fr\u00e5n samma XML-sida och att skapandet av webbsidan kan ske genom att design och programmering skiljs \u00e5t.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Mit der Abk\u00fcrzung XML wird die Extensible Markup Language (englisch f\u00fcr „erweiterbare Auszeichnungssprache“) bezeichnet, die der Darstellung von hierarchisch strukturierten Daten in Textdatei-Format dient. XML wird zudem auch f\u00fcr den Austausch von Daten, die unabh\u00e4ngig von Plattformen und Implementierungen sind, zwischen Rechner-Systemen verwendet. Die Merkmale von XML Durch die XML-Spezifikation wird eine Metasprache definiert, auf 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