{"id":4342,"date":"2020-10-30T23:53:26","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T22:53:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=4342"},"modified":"2020-10-30T23:53:26","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T22:53:26","slug":"the-spamhouse-project","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/das-spamhaus-projekt\/","title":{"rendered":"Spamhaus-projektet"},"content":{"rendered":"

Spamhaus \u00e4r namnet p\u00e5 ett projekt inom en internationell organisation med samma namn. F\u00f6retaget har kontor i London och Gen\u00e8ve och grundades 1998 av den brittiske entrepren\u00f6ren Steve Linford. Syftet med projektverksamheten \u00e4r att uppt\u00e4cka, sp\u00e5ra och erbjuda mot\u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r b\u00e5de skr\u00e4ppostf\u00f6rfattare och skr\u00e4ppostrelaterad verksamhet. Den pseudotyska termen Spamhaus uppfanns av Linford som en allm\u00e4n h\u00e4nvisning till Internetleverant\u00f6rer eller andra f\u00f6retag som sj\u00e4lva \u00e4r Spam<\/a> sprida eller medvetet st\u00f6dja spridningen av skr\u00e4ppost.<\/p>\n

Sk\u00e4len till varf\u00f6r Spamhaus-projektet skapades<\/h2>\n

Steve Linford var ursprungligen involverad i musikscenen som komposit\u00f6r, aktiv professionell musiker och konsertproducent. I takt med att datorer b\u00f6rjade anv\u00e4ndas alltmer inom musikproduktion utvecklade han ett v\u00e4xande intresse f\u00f6r datorteknik. Han grundade ett programvaruf\u00f6retag som f\u00f6rst utvecklade konventionell programvara och sedan inriktade sig p\u00e5 Internetteknik. Detta resulterade i f\u00f6retaget Ultradesign Internet med det serverbaserade n\u00e4tverket UXN. N\u00e4r Linford m\u00e4rkte att hans kunder st\u00e4ndigt trakasserades med skr\u00e4ppost b\u00f6rjade han leta efter s\u00e4tt att bek\u00e4mpa detta. Det var Spamhaus f\u00f6delse.<\/p>\n

Nuvarande status och nuvarande projektsponsring<\/h2>\n

Med st\u00f6d av de st\u00f6rsta och viktigaste internetn\u00e4tverken har Spamhaus utvecklat en databas med svarta listor som uppdateras i realtid. Anv\u00e4nds \u00e4r den Databas<\/a> i dag bland annat av Internetleverant\u00f6rer, regeringar och milit\u00e4ra n\u00e4tverksoperat\u00f6rer. Antalet skr\u00e4ppost och skadlig e-post som blockerats med hj\u00e4lp av Spamhaus uppg\u00e5r nu till miljarder. Dessa framg\u00e5ngar gav naturligtvis upphov till en motreaktion fr\u00e5n den cyberkriminella sektorn, vars akt\u00f6rer fick se sin olagliga verksamhet allvarligt st\u00f6rd. Steve Linford blev en m\u00e5ltavla f\u00f6r kriminella g\u00e4ng \u00f6ver hela v\u00e4rlden och fick till och med d\u00f6dshot, som ofta skickades till honom via e-post. Men projektet fortsatte of\u00f6rtrutet och enligt uppskattningar anv\u00e4nder tre fj\u00e4rdedelar av v\u00e4rldens internetoperat\u00f6rer Spamhaus teknik. \u00c5r 2005 flyttade Linford fr\u00e5n England till Medelhavet och bor nu i n\u00e4rheten av Monaco. Han \u00e4r nu verkst\u00e4llande direkt\u00f6r f\u00f6r Spamhaus, en internationell organisation som best\u00e5r av en grupp av flera f\u00f6retag. Huvudkontoret ligger i Gen\u00e8ve i Schweiz. F\u00f6retagskoncernens verksamhetsomr\u00e5de \u00e4r internets\u00e4kerhet och kommunikationsfiltrering. Projektet \u00e4r popul\u00e4rt och omtyckt. \u00c5r 2003 uts\u00e5gs Steve Linford till en av de 50 fr\u00e4msta agendas\u00e4ttarna av Silicon Magazine och 2004 fick han utm\u00e4rkelsen Internet Hero Award av den brittiska ISP-f\u00f6reningen ISPA. New York Times skrev en artikel om Steve Linford p\u00e5 f\u00f6rstasidan i sin n\u00e4ringslivsdel 2005. Sedan dess har hans expertis anv\u00e4nts vid utfr\u00e5gningar om skr\u00e4ppost och internets\u00e4kerhet i olika regeringar, Europaparlamentet och FN.<\/p>\n

\"imap<\/a><\/p>\n

Uppgifter om anv\u00e4ndningen av skr\u00e4ppostskyddet<\/h2>\n

Databasen f\u00f6r den svarta listan fr\u00e5n Spamhaus inneh\u00e5ller olika Anti-spam<\/a>-M\u00e5nga Internetleverant\u00f6rer och e-postserveroperat\u00f6rer har tillg\u00e5ng till listorna f\u00f6r att skydda sina anv\u00e4ndare fr\u00e5n skr\u00e4ppost. \u00c5r 2006 skyddades 650 miljoner e-postanv\u00e4ndare fr\u00e5n miljarder skr\u00e4ppostmeddelanden per dag p\u00e5 detta s\u00e4tt. Bland dessa fanns Europaparlamentet, Vita huset i Washington, den amerikanska arm\u00e9n och Microsoft. Spamhaus tillhandah\u00e5ller DNS-baserade blocklistor, som skiljer sig \u00e5t mellan blocklistor (DNSBL) och vitlistor (DNSWL). Operat\u00f6rer av e-postservrar med l\u00e5g volym f\u00e5r fri tillg\u00e5ng till listorna. Ett stort antal f\u00f6rfr\u00e5gningar g\u00f6rs dock av kommersiella skr\u00e4ppostfiltreringstj\u00e4nster och liknande tj\u00e4nstef\u00f6retag. Dessa anv\u00e4ndare m\u00e5ste registrera sig f\u00f6r ett fl\u00f6de av DNSBL:er baserat p\u00e5 rsync-protokollet, en s\u00e5 kallad datafeed-tj\u00e4nst. Spamhaus publicerar hur tekniken fungerar i dokumentet \"Understanding DNSBL Filtering\".<\/p>\n

Spektrumet av listor i en \u00f6verblick<\/h2>\n

- Spamhaus Block List (SBL) syftar till att samla in IP-adresser till k\u00e4nda skr\u00e4ppostk\u00e4llor av alla slag. SBL bygger delvis p\u00e5 ROKSO-indexet \u00f6ver k\u00e4nda spammare.<\/p>\n

- Exploits Block List (XBL) inneh\u00e5ller uppgifter om olagliga tredjepartsexploateringar, \u00f6ppna proxies, skadlig kod med integrerade skr\u00e4ppostmotorer och infekterade datorer och servrar.<\/p>\n

- PBL (Policy Block List) liknar en uppringningsanv\u00e4ndarlista. Den inneh\u00e5ller dynamiska och statiska IP-adresser fr\u00e5n vilka ingen e-post f\u00e5r skickas direkt till servrar fr\u00e5n tredje part.<\/p>\n

- Domain Block List (DBL) \u00e4r en kombination av URI Blocklist och RHSBL. Den fungerar som en kraftigt ut\u00f6kad SBL med ytterligare anv\u00e4ndningsomr\u00e5den.<\/p>\n

- Botnet Controller List (BCL) inneh\u00e5ller IP-adresser som Spamhaus tror tillh\u00f6r cyberkriminella som skapar botn\u00e4tstrukturer. med v\u00e4rdskap av<\/a>.<\/p>\n

- Spamhaus White List (SWL) listar IPv4- och IPv6-adresser och \u00e4r utformad s\u00e5 att e-postservrar kan dela upp inkommande e-posttrafik i de tre kategorierna \"bra\", \"d\u00e5lig\" och \"ok\u00e4nd\".<\/p>\n

- Domain White List (DWL) m\u00f6jligg\u00f6r en automatisk certifiering av de listade dom\u00e4nerna med DKIM-signaturer.<\/p>\n

- Spamhaus erbjuder ocks\u00e5 tv\u00e5 kombinationslistor. En av dem kombinerar SBL och XBL. Den andra kallas ZEN och kombinerar alla IP-adressbaserade listor.<\/p>\n

N\u00e5gra flankerande inslag<\/h2>\n

Spamhaus \"Register of Known Spam Operations\" (ROKSO) \u00e4r en databas som inneh\u00e5ller personer, deras dom\u00e4ner, adresser och alias. H\u00e4r anges spammare och skr\u00e4ppostverksamhet som har blockerats av tre eller fler internetleverant\u00f6rer p\u00e5 grund av skr\u00e4ppost. DROP-listan (Don't Route Or Peer List) \u00e4r en textfil som visar CIDR-block som \u00e4r stulna eller p\u00e5 annat s\u00e4tt helt kontrollerade av spammare eller skr\u00e4pprocesser.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Spamhaus ist der Name eines Projekts einer gleichnamigen internationalen Organisation. Sie hat ihre Standorte in London und Genf und wurde 1998 von dem britischen Unternehmer und Spam-Konterpart Steve Linford gegr\u00fcndet. Ziel der Projektaktivit\u00e4ten ist es, sowohl e-mail Spammer als auch Spam-bezogene Aktivit\u00e4ten zu erkennen, zu tracken (verfolgen) und Gegenma\u00dfnahmen anzubieten. Der pseudo-deutsche Ausdruck Spamhaus wurde 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