{"id":4419,"date":"2020-10-30T20:16:52","date_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:16:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/antivirensoftware-die-wichtigsten-eigenschaften-und-funktionen-im-ueberblick\/"},"modified":"2020-10-30T20:16:52","modified_gmt":"2020-10-30T19:16:52","slug":"antivirusprogramvara-de-viktigaste-funktionerna-och-funktionerna-till-en-oeverblick","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/antivirensoftware-die-wichtigsten-eigenschaften-und-funktionen-im-ueberblick\/","title":{"rendered":"Antivirusprogram - de viktigaste egenskaperna och funktionerna i en \u00f6verblick"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e4stan alla anv\u00e4nder den, n\u00e4stan alla k\u00e4nner till dess namn. Men vad \u00e4r antivirusprogram (AV)? Generellt sett kan det klassificeras som ett antivirusprogram. Det \u00e4r en programvara som f\u00f6rs\u00f6ker uppt\u00e4cka, blockera och i b\u00e4sta fall radera k\u00e4nda datavirus, trojanska h\u00e4star eller datormaskar. L\u00e5t oss titta p\u00e5 de viktigaste funktionerna i denna programvara och dess till\u00e4mpning:<\/p>\n

Historien om antivirusprogram<\/h2>\n

Antivirusprogrammens b\u00f6rjan var \u00e4nnu inte j\u00e4mf\u00f6rbar med dagens komplexa l\u00f6sningssystem. Helt enkelt f\u00f6r att det inte fanns n\u00e5gra skadliga program i b\u00f6rjan av 1980-talet. Datorns historia \u00e4r naturligtvis ouppl\u00f6sligt f\u00f6rknippad med virusens historia och d\u00e4rmed \u00e4ven med senare antivirusprogram. P\u00e5 den tiden var datavirus fortfarande begr\u00e4nsade till egenproduktion och kunde inte orsaka n\u00e5gon st\u00f6rre skada. Utvecklingen av hotande virus inom datortekniken har att g\u00f6ra med deras \u00f6kande komplexitet. I slutet av 80-talet \u00f6kade kunskapen om skadlig programmering i allm\u00e4nhet. Detta gjorde det alltmer oundvikligt att unders\u00f6ka hur man kan bek\u00e4mpa dem.<\/p>\n

\u00c4mnet blev k\u00e4nt f\u00f6r f\u00f6rsta g\u00e5ngen f\u00f6r en bredare allm\u00e4nhet 1987. Fram till dess betraktades virus enbart som en fara f\u00f6r levande varelser, men detta \u00e4ndrades tack vare Bernd Fix. Enligt flera k\u00e4llor var han den f\u00f6rste som tog upp \u00e4mnet offentligt och som k\u00e4nde igen och tog bort ett datavirus. Som hackare och specialist p\u00e5 datorteknik \u00e4r han fortfarande en erk\u00e4nd specialist p\u00e5 omr\u00e5det.<\/p>\n

De f\u00f6rsta antivirusprogrammen<\/h2>\n

Fr\u00e5gan om virusbek\u00e4mpning blev allt viktigare. 1988 tog datan\u00e4tverket Bitnet\/Earn upp kampen mot virus genom att utforma en s\u00e4ndlista som dokumenterade uppkomsten av virus. Till en b\u00f6rjan spreds virus endast via disketter, men i och med Internets spridning kunde virus spridas snabbare och mer okontrollerat.<\/p>\n

Typer av antivirusprogram<\/h2>\n

I grund och botten m\u00e5ste man skilja mellan tre olika typer av antivirusprogram:<\/p>\n

Skanner i realtid
\nManuell skanner
\nVirusscanner p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet<\/p>\n

Realtidsskannern kallas ocks\u00e5 f\u00f6r \u00e5tkomstskanner. Det k\u00e4nnetecknas av att det k\u00f6rs som en systemtj\u00e4nst (t.ex. Windows) eller som en daemon (Unix) i bakgrunden och s\u00f6ker igenom program, filer eller Arbetsminne<\/a> skannar. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kontrolleras ans\u00f6kningarna under l\u00e4sningsprocessen och under skrivprocessen.<\/p>\n

Den manuella skannern skiljer sig \u00e5t genom att den m\u00e5ste startas av anv\u00e4ndaren. Typiska programvarusystem \u00e4r till exempel Norton Antivirus<\/a>. Om programmet hittar misst\u00e4nkta filer p\u00e5 datorn finns det varningsmeddelanden som visar vilka omr\u00e5den p\u00e5 datorn som \u00e4r hotade. Som regel kan anv\u00e4ndaren v\u00e4lja mellan tre olika funktioner i h\u00e4ndelse av en virusattack: Reng\u00f6ring, karant\u00e4n och radering av skadliga filer.<\/p>\n

Virusskannrar p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet \u00e4r d\u00e4remot program som laddar in ditt antivirusm\u00f6nster via ett n\u00e4tverk. De flesta skannrar p\u00e5 n\u00e4tet \u00e4r baserade p\u00e5 den s\u00e5 kallade, numera f\u00f6r\u00e5ldrade, programvarukomponentmodellen ActiveX. Det finns ocks\u00e5 n\u00e5gra program som bygger p\u00e5 Java-teknik.<\/p>\n

Hur fungerar antivirusprogram?<\/h2>\n

De programvaruskannrar som \u00e4r viktiga f\u00f6r att k\u00f6ra antivirusprogram arbetar signaturbaserat och heuristiskt f\u00f6r att uppt\u00e4cka fel och skadliga komponenter. I den signaturbaserade s\u00f6kningen distribueras sm\u00e5 delar av koden f\u00f6r aktuella virus och trojaner som redan har blivit k\u00e4nda p\u00e5 ett m\u00e5linriktat s\u00e4tt. P\u00e5 s\u00e5 s\u00e4tt kan virus och trojaner uppt\u00e4ckas och helst elimineras. Den heuristiska s\u00f6kningen \u00e4r mer komplex. Den unders\u00f6ker program som redan \u00e4r ig\u00e5ng och installerade p\u00e5 den drabbade datorn. Misst\u00e4nkt beteende, t.ex. sj\u00e4lvuppringning av ett program, uppt\u00e4cks.<\/p>\n

Framg\u00e5ngsfrekvens och kritik<\/h2>\n

\u00c4ven om antivirusprogrammen \u00e4r mycket anv\u00e4ndbara och ofta skyddar anv\u00e4ndaren fr\u00e5n stor skada, kan inte alla skadliga program uppt\u00e4ckas. Experter som Symantecs vice ordf\u00f6rande Bryan Dye anser att dessa program endast har 45 procents sannolikhet att lyckas. De kan inte helt och h\u00e5llet ers\u00e4tta ett f\u00f6rsiktigt anv\u00e4ndarbeteende. Bra \u00e5tg\u00e4rder f\u00f6r att skydda sitt eget system \u00e4r till exempel regelbunden defragmentering av datorn.<\/p>\n

Trots att antivirusprogrammen \u00e4r anv\u00e4ndbara \u00e4r de ocks\u00e5 kritiserade. Till exempel kan tidskritiska programfel uppst\u00e5 p\u00e5 grund av f\u00f6rseningen i skanningen av Uppgifter<\/a>. Den permanenta skanningen av databaser, s\u00e4rskilt om de \u00e4r mycket stora, kan ocks\u00e5 leda till problem. Ofta finns det felmeddelanden.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Fast alle benutzen Sie, nahezu jeder kennt Ihren Namen. Doch was ist eigentlich eine Antivirensoftware (kurz AV)? : Allgemein ist sie als Antivirenprogramm zu klassifizieren. Sie ist eine Software, die versucht, bekannte Computerviren, Trojanische Pferde oder Computerw\u00fcrmer aufzusp\u00fcren, zu blockieren und im besten Fall zu l\u00f6schen. Blicken wir auf die zentralen Eigenschaften dieser Software und 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