{"id":6380,"date":"2020-12-08T11:16:28","date_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/?p=6380"},"modified":"2020-12-08T11:16:29","modified_gmt":"2020-12-08T10:16:29","slug":"dark-web-studie-bekraeftar-etiskt-juridiskt-dilemma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/webhosting.de\/sv\/dark-web-studie-bestaetigt-ethisch-rechtliches-dilemma\/","title":{"rendered":"Dark Web - Studie bekr\u00e4ftar etiskt-juridiskt dilemma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Den h\u00f6ga graden av anonymitet p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben, som \u00e4r tillg\u00e4nglig via konventionella servrar och molnbaserad hosting<\/a> anv\u00e4nds, men endast via Grind<\/a> kan uppn\u00e5s, skyddar m\u00e4nniskor i diktaturer fr\u00e5n f\u00f6rf\u00f6ljelse och censur. Samtidigt anv\u00e4nds den m\u00f6rka webben ocks\u00e5 av kriminella, till exempel f\u00f6r att handla med droger och vapen och f\u00f6r att utbyta barnpornografi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

En studie fr\u00e5n Virginia Tech, som publicerades i tidskriften PNAS<\/a> har nu unders\u00f6kt vilken anv\u00e4ndning av den m\u00f6rka webben som dominerar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Som med alla verktyg som kan anv\u00e4ndas f\u00f6r gott eller ont, \u00e4r fr\u00e5gan om f\u00f6rdelarna \u00f6verv\u00e4ger nackdelarna. Sidor<\/a> \u00f6vertr\u00e4ffa det.\"<\/span><\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Guard Nodes i Tor-n\u00e4tverket som drivs<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

F\u00f6r att analysera datatrafiken anv\u00e4nde forskarna en procent av Tor-n\u00e4tverkets vaktnoder (ing\u00e5ngsnoder) fr\u00e5n december 2018 till augusti 2019. Detta gjorde det m\u00f6jligt f\u00f6r dem att registrera om n\u00e4tverket endast anv\u00e4ndes f\u00f6r anonym internetanv\u00e4ndning eller om man fick tillg\u00e5ng till onion\/hidden services (dolda sidor) via det.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tack vare Onion-n\u00e4tverkets anonymitet kunde forskarna inte sp\u00e5ra vilket inneh\u00e5ll Tor-anv\u00e4ndare s\u00f6kte efter p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben och p\u00e5 den \"normala\" delen av internet. \u00c4ven IP-adresser<\/a> Anv\u00e4ndarnas uppgifter sparades endast delvis f\u00f6r att det skulle vara m\u00f6jligt att identifiera det land fr\u00e5n vilket f\u00f6rfr\u00e5gan kom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"I v\u00e5r analys utg\u00e5r vi dock fr\u00e5n att Tor-klienter som anv\u00e4nder Onion\/Hidden Services troligen har en \u00f6verv\u00e4gande olaglig verksamhet i \u00e5tanke, t.ex. att bes\u00f6ka hackarforum, webbplatser f\u00f6r narkotika\u00f6verf\u00f6ring eller barnpornografiska webbplatser.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Inneh\u00e5llet p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben anv\u00e4nds knappt<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Extrapolerat visar studieuppgifterna att mellan tv\u00e5 och 2,5 miljoner m\u00e4nniskor anv\u00e4nder Tor-n\u00e4tverket varje dag. En stor del av dessa anv\u00e4nder Tor endast f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till det vanliga internet anonymt, men inte f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till inneh\u00e5ll p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Endast 6,7 procent av alla Tor-anv\u00e4ndare i v\u00e5rt urval bes\u00f6kte Onion\/Hidden Services-webbplatser. Med andra ord \u00e4r det bara ungef\u00e4r en av 20 Tor-anv\u00e4ndare som anv\u00e4nder systemet f\u00f6r olagliga \u00e4ndam\u00e5l varje dag.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Studien motbevisar d\u00e4rmed det vanliga antagandet att Tor-n\u00e4tverket fr\u00e4mst anv\u00e4nds av kriminella.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"V\u00e5r Uppgifter<\/a> tyder p\u00e5 att Tor-anv\u00e4ndare i allm\u00e4nhet g\u00f6r relativt lagliga saker med Tor-n\u00e4tverket och inte alls tittar p\u00e5 inneh\u00e5ll fr\u00e5n Onion\/Hidden Services.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Toranv\u00e4ndning beror p\u00e5 regeringsformen<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Analysen visar ocks\u00e5 att typen av Tor-anv\u00e4ndning skiljer sig avsev\u00e4rt mellan de olika staterna. M\u00e4nniskor i politiskt ofria stater anv\u00e4nder oftare Tor f\u00f6r att f\u00e5 tillg\u00e5ng till det vanliga internet anonymt. I Algeriet, Ryssland, Kina och andra l\u00e4nder med statlig censur \u00e4r andelen som har tillg\u00e5ng till dark web endast 4,8 procent. I l\u00e4nder med liberala system och yttrandefrihet \u00e4r d\u00e4remot 7,8 procent av alla Tor-\u00e5tkomster till inneh\u00e5ll p\u00e5 dark webben.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

: \"Dessa resultat tyder p\u00e5 att laglig och olaglig anv\u00e4ndning av Tor-n\u00e4tverket skiljer sig avsev\u00e4rt \u00e5t beroende p\u00e5 det politiska sammanhanget. Potentiellt kriminell anv\u00e4ndning tenderar att vara koncentrerad till fria regimer, medan anv\u00e4ndare fr\u00e5n ofria l\u00e4nder \u00e4r mer ben\u00e4gna att anv\u00e4nda systemet f\u00f6r politiska och medborgerliga r\u00e4ttigheter.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Unders\u00f6kning visar p\u00e5 det etiskt-juridiska dilemmat med den m\u00f6rka webben<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Forskarna h\u00e4vdar att studien bekr\u00e4ftar de etiskt-juridiska dilemman som finns p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben. Det m\u00e5ste d\u00e4rf\u00f6r diskuteras i ett samh\u00e4lle om och i vilken utstr\u00e4ckning nackdelarna med kriminell anv\u00e4ndning uppv\u00e4ger f\u00f6rdelarna med anonym anv\u00e4ndning av Internet. Detta \u00e4r s\u00e4rskilt problematiskt eftersom kostnads- och int\u00e4ktskalkylen \u00e4ven m\u00e5ste omfatta andra l\u00e4nder med betydligt annorlunda politiska f\u00f6rh\u00e5llanden.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Om man l\u00e5ter Tor-n\u00e4tverket vara aktivt och fritt fr\u00e5n laglig \u00f6vervakning kan det orsaka skada eftersom systemet uppmuntrar droghandel, barnmisshandel och vapenhandel. Att st\u00e4nga Tor skulle skada olikt\u00e4nkande och m\u00e4nniskor\u00e4ttsaktivister - s\u00e4rskilt i repressiva system d\u00e4r s\u00e5dant tekniskt skydd beh\u00f6vs som mest.\"<\/p>Eric Jardine<\/cite><\/blockquote><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Vissa l\u00e4nder, bland annat Tyskland, planerar nu s\u00e4rskilda lagar f\u00f6r att bek\u00e4mpa den kriminella anv\u00e4ndningen av dark web, s\u00e4rskilt inom Kampen mot kriminella marknadsplatser<\/a> b\u00f6r vara till hj\u00e4lp. Tyskland vill dock inte f\u00f6rbjuda tillg\u00e5ngen till Tor-n\u00e4tverket helt och h\u00e5llet.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tor-n\u00e4tverket anv\u00e4nds fr\u00e4mst f\u00f6r anonym anv\u00e4ndning av det vanliga internet. Endast ett f\u00e5tal anv\u00e4ndare har tillg\u00e5ng till inneh\u00e5ll p\u00e5 den m\u00f6rka webben.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6381,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_crdt_document":"","inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[945,946],"class_list":["post-6380","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-dark-web","tag-studie"],"acf":[],"_wp_attached_file":null,"_wp_attachment_metadata":null,"litespeed-optimize-size":null,"litespeed-optimize-set":null,"_elementor_source_image_hash":null,"_wp_attachment_image_alt":null,"stockpack_author_name":null,"stockpack_author_url":null,"stockpack_provider":null,"stockpack_image_url":null,"stockpack_license":null,"stockpack_license_url":null,"stockpack_modification":null,"color":null,"original_id":null,"original_url":null,"original_link":null,"unsplash_location":null,"unsplash_sponsor":null,"unsplash_exif":null,"unsplash_attachment_metadata":null,"_elementor_is_screenshot":null,"surfer_file_name":null,"surfer_file_original_url":null,"envato_tk_source_kit":null,"envato_tk_source_index":null,"envato_tk_manifest":null,"envato_tk_folder_name":null,"envato_tk_builder":null,"envato_elements_download_event":null,"_menu_item_type":null,"_menu_item_menu_item_parent":null,"_menu_item_object_id":null,"_menu_item_object":null,"_menu_item_target":null,"_menu_item_classes":null,"_menu_item_xfn":null,"_menu_item_url":null,"_trp_menu_languages":null,"rank_math_primary_category":"712","rank_math_title":null,"inline_featured_image":null,"_yoast_wpseo_primary_category":"712","rank_math_schema_blogposting":null,"rank_math_schema_videoobject":null,"_oembed_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_oembed_time_049c719bc4a9f89deaead66a7da9fddc":null,"_yoast_wpseo_focuskw":null,"_yoast_wpseo_linkdex":null,"_oembed_27e3473bf8bec795fbeb3a9d38489348":null,"_oembed_c3b0f6959478faf92a1f343d8f96b19e":null,"_trp_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_desired_post_slug":null,"_yoast_wpseo_title":null,"tldname":null,"tldpreis":null,"tldrubrik":null,"tldpolicylink":null,"tldsize":null,"tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"tldtransfer":null,"tldwhoisprivacy":null,"tldregistrarchange":null,"tldregistrantchange":null,"tldwhoisupdate":null,"tldnameserverupdate":null,"tlddeletesofort":null,"tlddeleteexpire":null,"tldumlaute":null,"tldrestore":null,"tldsubcategory":null,"tldbildname":null,"tldbildurl":null,"tldclean":null,"tldcategory":null,"tldpolicy":null,"tldbesonderheiten":null,"tld_bedeutung":null,"_oembed_d167040d816d8f94c072940c8009f5f8":null,"_oembed_b0a0fa59ef14f8870da2c63f2027d064":null,"_oembed_4792fa4dfb2a8f09ab950a73b7f313ba":null,"_oembed_33ceb1fe54a8ab775d9410abf699878d":null,"_oembed_fd7014d14d919b45ec004937c0db9335":null,"_oembed_21a029d076783ec3e8042698c351bd7e":null,"_oembed_be5ea8a0c7b18e658f08cc571a909452":null,"_oembed_a9ca7a298b19f9b48ec5914e010294d2":null,"_oembed_f8db6b27d08a2bb1f920e7647808899a":null,"_oembed_168ebde5096e77d8a89326519af9e022":null,"_oembed_cdb76f1b345b42743edfe25481b6f98f":null,"_oembed_87b0613611ae54e86e8864265404b0a1":null,"_oembed_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_oembed_time_27aa0e5cf3f1bb4bc416a4641a5ac273":null,"_tldname":null,"_tldclean":null,"_tldpreis":null,"_tldcategory":null,"_tldsubcategory":null,"_tldpolicy":null,"_tldpolicylink":null,"_tldsize":null,"_tldregistrierungsdauer":null,"_tldtransfer":null,"_tldwhoisprivacy":null,"_tldregistrarchange":null,"_tldregistrantchange":null,"_tldwhoisupdate":null,"_tldnameserverupdate":null,"_tlddeletesofort":null,"_tlddeleteexpire":null,"_tldumlaute":null,"_tldrestore":null,"_tldbildname":null,"_tldbildurl":null,"_tld_bedeutung":null,"_tldbesonderheiten":null,"_oembed_ad96e4112edb9f8ffa35731d4098bc6b":null,"_oembed_8357e2b8a2575c74ed5978f262a10126":null,"_oembed_3d5fea5103dd0d22ec5d6a33eff7f863":null,"_eael_widget_elements":null,"_oembed_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_oembed_time_0d8a206f09633e3d62b95a15a4dd0487":null,"_aioseo_description":null,"_eb_attr":null,"_eb_data_table":null,"_oembed_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_oembed_time_819a879e7da16dd629cfd15a97334c8a":null,"_acf_changed":null,"_wpcode_auto_insert":null,"_edit_last":"1","_edit_lock":"1607422589:1","_oembed_e7b913c6c84084ed9702cb4feb012ddd":null,"_oembed_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_time_bfde9e10f59a17b85fc8917fa7edf782":null,"_oembed_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"_oembed_time_03514b67990db061d7c4672de26dc514":null,"rank_math_news_sitemap_robots":"index","rank_math_robots":["index"],"_eael_post_view_count":"4633","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_ru_ru":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_et":"dark-web-study-confirms-ethical-legal-dilemma","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_lv":"tumsais-tikls-petijums-apstiprina-etisko-tiesisko-dilemmu","_trp_automatically_translated_slug_fr_fr":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_slug_en_us":null,"_wp_old_slug":null,"_trp_automatically_translated_sl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